Drink-at-Home, Inc Essay

CASE 2: DRINK-AT-HOME, INC. Drink-At-Home, Inc. (DAH, Inc. ), creates, procedures, and markets blends to be utilized in nonalcoholic mixed drinks and blended beverages for home utilization. Mrs. Lee, who is accountable for innovative work at DAH, Inc. , toward the beginning of today advised Mr. Dick Jones, the president, that energizing improvements in the innovative work segment demonstrate that another drink, a moment pina colada, should be conceivable on account of another approach to process and protect coconut. Mrs. Lee is prescribing a significant program to build up the pina colada. She appraises that consumption on the advancement might be as much as $100,000 and that as much as a year’s work might be required. In the conversation with Mr. Jones, she showed that she thought the chance of her extraordinary individuals effectively growing such a beverage now, that she’d done all the extremely significant work was in the area of 90 percent. She additionally felt that the probability of a contending organization building up a comparable item in a year was 80 percent. Mr. Jones is carefully a primary concern fellow and is worried about the business volume of such a drink. Thusly, Mr. Jones conversed with Mr. Besnette, his statistical surveying director, whose forte is new item assessment, and was prompted that a market existed for a moment pina colada, yet was some-what subject to acknowledgment by both supermarkets and retail alcohol stores. Mr. Besnette additionally showed that the business numbers demonstrate that different firms are thinking about a line of tropical beverages. On the off chance that different firms ought to build up a contending drink the market would, obviously, be part among them. Mr. Jones squeezed Mr. Besnette to make future deals gauges for different prospects and to show the present (limited estimation of future benefits) esteem. Mr. Besnette gave Table 1. Mr. Besnette’s figures did exclude (1) cost of innovative work, (2) cost of new creation hardware, or (3) cost of presenting the pina colada. The expense of the new creation gear is relied upon to be $ 100,000 in view of the uncommon way the coconut should be dealt with, and the expense of presenting the new item is required to be about $150,000 due to the point-of procurement shows that would be important to present the new item. Mrs. Lee has demonstrated that she has elective advancement recommendations, which are: 1. A diminished examination program to see another person comes out with the item first and on the off chance that not, at that point continue with an accident program. The diminished program for the initial eight months would cost $10,000 every month. One bit of leeway of this is on the off chance that the exertion was ineffective, at that point advancement expenses would be held to the eight-month figure (8 months ? $ 10,000 = $80,000). The probability of progress under this methodology is equivalent to the more deliberate turn of events. (The probability of a contending organization building up an item in 8 months is 60 percent.) The accident advancement program would occur in months 9 through 12 and would cost an extra $60,000. It would continue just if the eight-month study ensured a triumph. 2. Utilize a diminished exploration program and keep up a familiarity with industry improvements to check whether another person builds up an item. On the off chance that another person has built up an item toward the finish of a half year, it would cost just an extra $30,000 to investigate their item and copy it. The decreased improvement program would cost $10,000 every month. Mr. Besnette, being the incredible advertiser that he is, is obviously hesitant to be second available with another item. He says that the principal item available will as a rule acquire a more noteworthy portion of the market, and it will be hard to win those clients back. Thus, he demonstrates that just around 50 percent of the deals that he showed in Table 1 could be normal if Drink-at-Home held up until contending brands were at that point available. Additionally, he presumes that there is just a 50/50 possibility that the contender will be out with an item inside the following a half year. There are four choices: (1) methodical improvement of the pina colada, (2) unobtrusive advancement exertion followed by the accident program, (3) a humble advancement exertion for the initial a half year to check whether a serious item goes ahead the market, and (4) sit idle. TABLE 1. Deals and Profit Potentials Consumer Acceptance Substantial Moderate Low (Sales Potential) Probability Present Values 0. 10 0. 60 0. 30 (Discounted Value of Future Profits) $800,000 $600,000 $500,000 What might you suggest? Show every single supporting arrangement/calculations. Source: http://wps. pearsoned. co. uk/ema_ge_render_qam_11/202/51952/13299854. cw/content/list. html.

The Gamble House Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

The Gamble House - Essay Example Bet House state of mind and balances will in general be unique in relation to different roomy contemporary structures that were done during the 1900s. It has an easygoing state of mind that coordinates its limited evenness. A generally excellent case of the limitation of balance in the showstopper is the even association of structures and spaces in relations to each other. In the three stories, the roof statures are unique. The principal floor roof was the most reduced while the sanctum roof was the most noteworthy. All through the structure, the scales and the structures move continually as one move from the inside towards the front and back regions. The incorporation of the Gamble family upper room in the third floor helped in making it a pool room. A family peak, trailing rose and a crane were masterfully incorporated into numerous areas. Bet House open air additionally represents the chronicled assembling plans utilized in America during the 1990s. Outside the second-floor rooms are outside patios that could be utilized for diversion or for dozing. The principle patio of the structure was deliberately planned and worked to be secretly past the rear of the living arrangement. Clinker stones garden dividers were likewise included to beautify the back exterior. The ways in the compound were produced using stones shaping a running stream over the yards. The scene and the nursery components were incorporated into the necessary extents and subtleties. The Asian and Japanese effect on the structure can likewise be found in the leaded glasses and the pine theme on the front entryway.

Organic Nomenclature and Functional Groups Essay

Figuring out how to name and draw the structure of the different mixes is the initial phase in figuring out how to communicate in the language of natural science. Part 1 introduced natural science as the science of the carbon particle. In any case, numerous natural mixes contain different iotas other than carbon that contribute fundamentally to the physical and synthetic properties of the compound. Scientific experts call these iotas heteroatoms, and the gatherings they structure, utilitarian gatherings. This section gives a review of the principles for naming natural www. ochem4free. com 5 July 2005 Organic Chemistry †Ch 2 73 Daley and Daley mixes. It likewise presents the major practical gatherings that you will experience as you study natural science alongside the standards of how to name them and draw their structures. The nearness of heteroatoms fundamentally changes the physical and concoction properties of the mixes to which they are reinforced. Truth be told, the carbon†heteroatom bonds and the carbonâ€carbon different bonds are the fundamental destinations where concoction responses occur. Natural mixes are orchestrated into classes as indicated by the specific practical gatherings that they contain. Individuals from each class of mixes share normal synthetic and physical qualities. The names of natural mixes are alloted as indicated by the class of the compound as dictated by the utilitarian gatherings. This part additionally tells the best way to draw the auxiliary portrayals of these mixes. 2. 1 Drawing Organic Structures A two-dimensional basic equation of a hydrocarbon shows the entirety of the molecules with the entirety of their bonds in the plane of the page. Atoms are genuine, three-dimensional elements. Their structure is a central point that decides their physical properties and the manner in which one atom collaborates with another particle. These bonds are mixes of single bonds with hydrogen particles and single or different bonds with other carbon molecules. For particles that contain countless iotas or complex structures, drawing each bond and each molecule is reality devouring. A typical documentation created to contract the drawing without relinquishing the clearness of the structure is the consolidated auxiliary equation appeared beneath for heptane: CH3 CH2 CH3 Heptane www. ochem4free. com 5 July 2005 Organic Chemistry †Ch 2 74 Daley and Daley Taking out the lines speaking to the carbonâ€carbon bonds consolidates this recipe still more: CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3 Heptane has five rehashing â€CH2†gatherings, called methylene gatherings. Since numerous natural atoms have such dreary gatherings, a considerably more consolidated documentation shows these rehashing units. Utilizing this documentation, the equation for heptane is as per the following: CH3(CH2)5CH3 Heptane Bond-line recipes speak to the carbon molecules as the crossing point of lines and as line closes. You expect all the hydrogens expected to finish carbon’s valences. The bond-line basic recipe is the documentation that most natural scientific experts like to utilize. Bond-line recipes are anything but difficult to draw and rapidly pass on the fundamental structure of an atom. Both the closures and the points of the structure speak to the carbon molecules. Câ€H bonds are not appeared, yet you ought to accept that the fitting number of hydrogen molecules is available to finish the four bonds required via carbon to have its octet of electrons. The bond-line equation for heptane resembles this: Heptane Not all hydrocarbons are straight chains; many are rings. Physicists utilize the equivalent auxiliary equations for them. Since the outline of the two-dimensional basic recipe of methylcyclopentane is so jumbled, it doesn't plainly show the ring. H C H C H CH HH H HH Methylcyclopentane The consolidated auxiliary equation is more clear. www. ochem4free. com 5 July 2005 Organic Chemistry †Ch 2 75 Daley and Daley CH2 CH CH2 CH3 CH2 Methylcyclopentane The bond-line basic equation is even more clear. In this manner, scientists use it most as often as possible. Methylcyclopentane Often, scientific experts join the bond-line and dense documentations to explain a structure or underscore explicit highlights. This recipe additionally speaks to methylcyclopentane. CH3 Methylcyclopentane Exercise 2. 1 Redraw every one of the accompanying consolidated auxiliary equations utilizing the bond-line documentation.

The One Thing to Do for Paper Help Online

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Guilty Death And Death Of Prison Essay - 1972 Words

Guilty Innocents, Sentenced to Life in Hardship and Exile It would be a lie to state that every individual claiming innocence, while being tried and sentenced through the judicial system, is in fact truly innocent. It would also be a lie to state that every past, present and future prisoner, that was or will be tried and sentenced through the judicial system, is or was, guilty as charged. Behind bars, in prisons all over the United States, there was or is an innocent person who was found guilty and assigned an inmate number. Those found guilty by various judicial flaws, sentenced to hard time, life sentences, and for some a death sentence, have nothing but that borrowed time to sit and think about their innocents while waiting for evidence and appeals, that may or may not come, to exonerate and free them of a life in confinement or freedom from one’s court ordered demise. There are many misfortunate events that can cause an innocent individual to be found guilty and s entenced to prison. Inadequate legal representation due to not having the proper funding or simply just having an inexperienced lawyer can make or break even the weakest of cases where a person’s innocents is as simple as black and white. There are also cases where police and prosecutorial misconduct took place and had a significant effect on the jury and judge, causing an outcome of a guilty verdict as well as a harsh sentence. Often, testimony is perjured and mistaken eyewitness testimony isShow MoreRelatedIn This Essay I Chose To Write About Capital Punishment.1197 Words   |  5 Pagesreplicating the same crime again. If a person has assassinated someone, and is convicted of murder, but only gets a few years in prison, chances are they will replicate the crime again. Although, if a person only gets a few years in prison for murder, it can also cause other criminals to replicate a similar crime, because they know they will only get a few years in prison. For example , in the Timothy Buss case. Timothy murdered a five-year-old girl, and was sentenced to 25 years in 1981, however wasRead MoreCapital Punishment Should Not Be Abolished750 Words   |  3 Pagescost of prisons, and general safety of the public. First of all, I’m sure that you have heard of the deterrence theory. Deterrence is basically the fear of punishment; and even though it doesn’t prevent all crimes, the results are still undeniable. The deterrence theory is when criminals think about the consequences of each crime, they weigh the pros and cons before they commit it, and if the consequence is death, the crime is usually avoided. It has been proven that the death penalty detersRead MoreEssay The Death Penalty: Cruel and Unusual1291 Words   |  6 Pages The death penalty is the most inhuman and crucial punishment. Even though it is not applied in every state, the death penalty is a very strong debate and argument within our own government. There are people who support it and those who are against it. The death penalty is a punishment to those who due to their actions and circumstances commit crimes. All people are all equal under the eyes of the law and those people in the end are still humans no matter the crimes they have committed. The deathRead MoreThe Death Penalty Essay801 Words   |  4 PagesThe Death Penalty The death penalty should be a last result action that is taken when one person is convicted of a crime involving the death of another person or living thing. The actions taken to kill someone on death row are horrific in, and to kill someone that didnt commit the crime is an appalling thing to do. DNA is an efficient way to prove the absolute guilt of an individual. The death penalty should not be enforced without the opportunity of a DNA test. For years, DNA has been anRead MoreThe Death Penalty: An Appropriate Punishment Essay examples1517 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent countries over the years. The death penalty has been witnessed in many different forms, depending on the society or culture. It is viewed as an act of justice due to its deeply embedded historical tradition. Over the centuries, many cultures have used capital punishment because it ensures the safety of society. Criminals continue to use violence as their way of solving a problem. Capital punishment deters crime rates more than anything else. The death penalty offers justice with historicalRead MoreDeath Penalty1135 Words   |  5 PagesNovember 2012 The death penalty was reinstated in the United States in 1977, and since then murderers and rapist have been executed for the violent and harsh crimes they were found guilty of committing. In the past thirty years over 1,200 prisoners have been put to death for crimes in which they were convicted. The government of each state executes these prisoners by way of the electric chair, gas chamber, and the most common way lethal injection. A survey, from the Death Penalty Information CenterRead MoreTaking a Look at the Death Penalty1013 Words   |  4 Pages Death Penalty should be allowed under circumstances also known as capital punishment, where congress or any state legislature recommend the death penalty for murder and other capital crimes. Majority of the states are favor in death penalty, roughly around 32 states are favor and 18 states are against death penalty. In most cases, many argue that death penalty has violated the 8th amendment, where it bans cruel and unusual punishment. Therefore, they would go against death penalty. However, withoutRead More Persuasive Essay Against Capital Punishment753 Words   |  4 Pages decided that the accused is guilty, she should stab him herself. Perhaps then she would hesitate. But if many people (hundreds or thousands who operate the judicial system) are involved, it spreads, or even divides the feeling of culpability among many. They may feel less guilty, especially if they believe that they are representing the whole society of their country. What makes it seem more â€Å"humane† is the official perspective of it. Death here is a matter of paperworkRead MoreThe Death Penalty Should Not Be Considered Unethical Or Inhumane1569 Words   |  7 PagesPunishment such as the death penalty should not be considered unethical or inhumane. The death penalty may be difficult to understand, but based on recent studies, it is nearly proven that the death penalty will save money along with many other benefits. By using the death penalty it will eliminate same person crimes, will cause fear, will save money, and will open a jail cell. Also, fewer criminals will provide more food, shelter and drinks for crimes that aren’t as bad. By using the death penalty it wouldRead MoreDeath Penalty Is The Act Of Executing Someone Of A Capital Crime920 Words   |  4 PagesThe death penalty is the act of executing someone of a capital crime. A capital crime is defined as murder or betrayal of one’s country. Since about July 1, 2015 the United States thirty-one states hav e legalized the death penalty leaving nineteenth states remaining illegal. Death should not be the resolution to any problem regardless of what the situation was.(mixed sentence). As humans, we make mistakes throughout our lives and that is how we learn from them. In many cases, death penalty simply

Personal Narrative My Grandmother Essay - 1319 Words

I will tell you a tale of a woman of great success. This is a woman that has inspired me to be something great one day and to never give up trying. Though she may be growing into her elderly years she has lived a very challenging, joyful, loving and successful life. She is a woman of great faith and character, she is my grandmother. Mary Imogene Cothren was born in Lawrenceburg Tennessee, November 12, 1929 to George and Chapel Cothren. Her family then relocated to a small town in Ohio by the name of Ashland. This is where she was raised and has lived most of her life. From the time she was born, although her name was Mary Imogene her family called her Imogene. When Imogene was five her mother became pregnant with a little girl. The†¦show more content†¦Imogene to this day likes to go visit Shirley’s tomb stone and think of all the memories they could have made together. Eight years later George and Chapel gave birth to another daughter Barbara Cothren. Imogene an d Barbara were close growing up. Even though there was an eight year age difference they both had a lot of fun together. They were raised at 1215 Myers Avenue in Ashland Ohio and attended Grant Street Elementary School. Some of Imogene’s favorite memories were at this house, playing outside with Barb without a care in the world. The Cothren’s were a very God based family. George and Chapel raised their girls in a Godly household and expected much discipline out of their daughters. Surprisingly though, Imogene did not except the Lord until 1946 when she was sixteen years old. She discussed in her interview that she accepted the Lord on Palm Sunday at a revival at her church, West Tenth Street Brethren Church. At first she wouldn’t go forward because she was planning on being baptized the following Sunday and felt that wasn’t right to just now be excepting Christ. The pastor then took her aside and he told her it didn’t matter the Lord wanted her no matter what the circumstance, it didn’t matter. This was the beginning of a very God based life for Imogene. She took her faith very seriously and knew how important her relationship with her Savior was. Church was a place of many great memories for Imogene. She accepted Christ early enough in herShow MoreRelatedPersonal Narrative : My Grandmother, Florence Lucey1835 Words   |  8 PagesMy subject is my aunt, Florence Lucey. She is a 65-year-old female, who identifies with her gender. She is a white, heterosexual, Catholic, Italian woman who has lived in Connecticut for her entire life. She currently lives in Weston, CT, in the home that she has lived in for the past 20 years. Florence has been married twice; she was widowed in 2003 and remarried in 2014. She has one sister, Donna, my mother, and 4 kids, all who are out of the house. I was able to gather my information over facetimeRead MorePersonal Narrative : My Grandmother And I Share A Special Connection800 Words   |  4 Pagesnever met any of my grandparents. My parents and I are immigrants from Somalia, and my maternal Grandmother resided in Kismayo, the port city of south Somalia. My Grandmother and I share a special conne ction, we share the same name, we are Sammi. My Mother says I have her eyes and hair, my mother told me she had the most vibrant brown eyes as a young woman, and when she grew in age, her eyes turn light blue with a dark blue ring around her iris. We only had one picture of her until my Mother went backRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem I Am Struck By The Irony Between Momaday And The Kiowa Treatment Of Women753 Words   |  4 PagesAt one-hundred years young, my grandmother passed away. As the matriarch of our family, we felt both saddened and relieved to see her go. She was an independent, educated, hardworking woman who cherished her family and friends. Stories she shared about her youth and her numerous life experiences supported me and guided me. Much of my personal identity formed in connection to her. My grandmother’s landscape, traditions, and identity lives on through me and my family. We, as people, constructRead MoreBeing Raised As Slaves By Harriet Jacobs And Frederick Douglass953 Words   |  4 PagesDouglass devoted their professional life for telling their true story based on their own experience. As a matter of fact, their works â€Å"Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl† (1861) and â€Å"Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave† (1845) are considered the most important works in the genre of slave narrative or of enslavement. Thus, this paper will compare and contrast between Jacobs and Douglass in terms of the aforementioned works. Losing their mothers and realizing their status asRead MoreThe Border Is A Fight Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesidea in a poem form, text named â€Å"The border Is a Fight†, that describes the dramas of a Mexican family that has to cross the border every day in a hope to get a better future. Whereas, Juanita Lopez demonstrates it through an essay that uses personal narratives of the author’s relatives to illustrate her point of view. Therefore, the both authors exploit their point of views using different text forms, and figurative images, like metaphors and personification, for delivering their ideas in the wayRead MoreGreen Chile Explication844 Words   |  4 Pageshis grandparents until he was thirteen. It was during this time with his grandmother that inspires the story in Green Chile. When Baca was 21, he was convicted of drug possession and was incarcerated. It was when he was incarcerated where he learned to read and write. In Green Chile, Baca tells a narrati ve story about his grandmother cooking green chile. Jimmy Santiago Baca uses his earliest memories of his grandmother cooking green chiles to show his appreciation of his cultural traditions whileRead MoreMy Story About My Father s Front Yard893 Words   |  4 PagesThere is a story about me that my mother will tell to anyone who will listen especially those who mentions to her how dedicated or determine I am to something I believe in. The first time I heard her tell this story it was to my husband when he was complaining to her how much I talk about the children in my classroom; the second time I heard her telling the story to my youngest son when he was telling her how much he wished I would stop talking about the children in my classroom when I come home fromRead MoreAfrican American History Essay1137 Words   |  5 PagesHarriet Jacobs autobiography Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl reveals, in my opinion, that it is an accurate representation of the antebellum South under a slave system based on other published works such as Soujourner Truth, Address to the Womens’ Right’s Convention Akron, Ohio 1851 and Benjamin Drew, Narratives of Escaped Slaves 1855. The accounts described by Harriet Jacobs are consistent with these and many other In my assessment for veracity within â€Å" Incidents In The Life of A Slave Girl† Read MoreThe Years Of Slavery : The Torment Of A Slave Girl By Harriet Jacobs881 Words   |  4 PagesChristian soul, and a slave. Her early struggles to survive, to endure years of psychological abuse from her master, and later escape from bondage to freedom. Through this narrative, the author exemplifies the strongest of wills, the enduring and caring love for her two children, and the perseverance to achieve personal freedom. The narrative also portrays the most valued importance of family and friends, without whom freedom would not be made possible. In this paper we will explore two close relationshipsRead MoreI Have Depression Essay1313 Words   |  6 Pages I push myself through the masses of students in the hallway, knowing that my eyes are beginning to water. My friends approach me tentatively, draping their arms across my shoulder, inquiring as to what ails me. The only response is th e shuddering of my frame and a barely audible whisper. I dont know whats wrong anymore. I am ushered to the bathroom, or the guidance center, or some secluded space, my friend murmuring reassurances all the while. Itll be ok, Jess. Itll get better. Everything

Eng4C free essay sample

Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption How can one face everyday challenges? Hope gives people the courage to face challenges. As seen in Stephen King’s Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption, it displays hope as a powerful emotion in which individuals can use to carry themselves through challenges. In the novella, hope is shown through the character Ellis â€Å"Red† Redding, a man who on the inside was â€Å"a man who could get you things†, but on the outside was something much different. It is shown to us through the life of Andy Dufresne, an innocent man accused of murder with a large amount of hope. Even though life throws challenges, it is important for one to have hope for the future, in order to completely enjoy a satisfying life. The Rita Hayworth poster is an example of courage to face challenges. When Andy receives the poster, he then has courage to try and escape. We will write a custom essay sample on Eng4C or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"You look at those pretty women and you feel like you could almost not quite but almost step right through and be beside them. Be free. (55-56) Showing that if it wasn’t for the weak concrete, he wouldn’t have hope that gives people the courage to face challenges such as; try and escape the prison. A personal experience would be when my sister gets grounded and my mom sends her to my room for an hour and she’s not allowed to use any electronics. She hates being in her room for an hour without electronics. She would usually try to leave but it’s difficult. Therefore, Andy Dufresne and my sister are similar in a way. They both need courage to face challenges; such as ‘escaping’ her room when grounded and escaping prison without the guards or my mom noticing. Secondly, hope can either drive a person forward to face challenges or destroy a person. Red, a man who can get you things, is an excellent example. When Andy first got to the prison, Red expressed a little bit of hope to leave. As shown after his parole interview in which they determine if a prisoner has been rehabilitated and can rejoin society, Red seemed very uncaring of being rejected. Red said, â€Å"These walls are funny: first you hate them. Then you get to know them. Comes a time when you depend on them. Red displays a lack of hope, believing that he and everyone else sentenced to Shawshank, is meant to be there for the rest of their lives, and should not waste their spirits on hope. But also at the end of the book where he says â€Å"I hope Andy is down there. I hope I can make it across the border. I hope to see my friends and shake his hand. I hope the Pacific is as blue as it has been in my dreams. I hope. † (107) A personal experience would be when I hope for th ings; such as hoping to earn respect from everybody and in the end I get it. Like how Red hoped to see Andy, make it across the border, to see his friend and shake his hand and that the Pacific was blue like in his dreams. Red and I are somewhat similar in a way because he hoped for realistic things to happen once he was approved by the parole and everything he hoped for came true. That’s like me, when I hope for realistic things, they normally come true because I’m not aiming for something far and unrealistic. In conclusion, at one point in everyone’s life people are faced with challenges and hope gives them courage to face them like in Rita Hayworth and the Shawshank Redemption.

Zulu Clan Essays - Zulu People, Shaka, Mfecane, Zulu Language

Zulu Clan In the 1820's, during a period of social unrest and warfare, the Zulu clan, a Bantu people, rose to political prominence under the great King Shaka in present-day South Africa. This period is called mfecane, or crushing because it was characterized by Shaka's tyrannous reign during which he conquered neighboring peoples and established a kingdom for the Zulu people on South Africa's eastern coast. The word zulu was used in 1824 to refer to a war-like race of South African Blacks. (Ngubane, 1977) The British characterization of Shaka as a monster, however, is now seen as a propagandist attempt to disguise their own interests in procuring land and labor in the region. In fact, much of the violent disruption and displacement of people was probably due to European intervention with the slave trade and their demands for land, cattle. Nonetheless, Shaka is called by many the Black Napoleon because of his short-lived, but impressive, period of glory. This period of greatness came to an end with the eventual defeat of King Shaka and the annexation of the Zulu kingdom to Natal, the British state on the eastern coast. (Ngubane, 1977) The Zulu people are now enmeshed in South Africa's modern, industrial economy and society, with the largest population of them still in the region of KwaZulu Natal on the eastern coast. There has been an adaptation of traditional beliefs to allow for Christian, medical, agricultural, mechanical and other rational, scientific approaches of the Europeans. However, despite the cultural diffusion of Western thought and religion among the Zulu people, traditional thinking, according to Berglund (1976), is not only still very much present in Zulu society, but is receiving more and more attention especially by those who live in rural areas. Perhaps the survival of indigenous belief systems is due in part to the fact that in times of crisis, people turn to tradition as a comfort and as a means of unifying themselves. Considering the social trauma associated with colonialism and apartheid the Zulu responded by clinging more tenaciously to their heritage as a means of psychological survival in a society which systematically degraded and disrespected them as a people. Berglund (1976) points out that it is the rituals and symbols of a society which express the relationships between members of that society and makes living in that society a meaningful experience. The focus of this paper will be centered on traditional Zulu spiritual beliefs and, to whatever extent possible, not those adapted to Western thought. In providing first the basic cosmological beliefs and then moving on to the central theme of traditional spiritual beliefs involving deceased ancestors and their role in Zulu society, my goal will be to demonstrate how social harmony is maintained as a result of the observance of these spiritual beliefs and practices. According to traditional belief, uMveliqangi, the Lord of the Sky, emerged full-blown from the reeds in the realm of the sky. Man later emerged from the reeds and was let down to earth through a hole in the floor of the sky. This explains the origin of the Zulu clan name, zulu meaning of the sky. The Lord of the Sky then sent a chameleon down to earth to tell the people that they will not die. Later on, he sent a lizard to tell the people they will die and, since the chameleon had stopped to feed on some berries along the way, the lizard easily overtook him and delivered his message of death first. When the chameleon later arrived, the people wouldn't believe him and thus, humans are mortal. (Ngubane, 1977) The traditional concept of the sky is interesting, according to myth the sky is a big blue rock stretched across the surface of the earth (which is flat). The earth is held up on the horns of four great bulls who at times, cause earthquakes by shaking their heads. The realm of the sky is believed to have perpetual light which filters through the floor of the sky at night (we see these holes of light as stars). These holes are made by the Lord of the Sky's cattle as they tramp on muddy ground during the rainy season. This is regarded as proof

20 Critical Essay Topics on Environment Health and Development

20 Critical Essay Topics on Environment Health and Development Before delving into today’s topic, it’s best we understand what the environment means and why its health is so important to human development and the earth’s entire ecosystem. The environment is everything- both indoors and outdoor- around us. It is made up of the air we breathe, the food we consume, the parks we visit, your workspace as well as your relaxation spots. Therefore, land, the atmospheres and the world’s rivers and oceans are how make up the environment. Since we reside in the earth’s environment, it is important to note everything that affects us both negatively and positively in order to reduce the negatives while maximizing the positives which make the topic on environmental health quite important to the human race. Therefore, this article will focus on helping everyone interested in writing critically on environmental health and development with the needed assistance to write in an effective manner that will pass your message across in a succinct manner to your intended audience. In order to help you do this, below are 20 essay topics on environment, its health and how it affects human development for you to choose from when working on your critical project. Rounding up the provided topics will be a sample essay draft exploring one of the provided topics in such a way that it provides you with clear guidelines on how to kick-start your chosen essay: The importance of Environmental Health to Human Development Discussing the Effects of Culture and Civilization to Environmental Health How Can the Environment Affect Women’s Health? The Impact of the Earth’s Environment to Child-mortality Rate The Impact of Environmental Health on the Economy of Developing Countries The Importance of Safeguarding Environmental Health Is Global Warming Harmful to Environmental and Human Health? The Effects of Indoor Air Pollution to Environmental Health the Impact of a Working Environment to our Personal Health The Ozone Layers Role in Protecting the Earth’s Ecosystem Water Contamination and its Hazards to Plant and Animal Life The Impact of Air Pollution to Economic Growth Environmental Pollution and the Global Burden of Disease Global Environmental Health and Building Sustainable Cities The Importance of Environmental Health in Achieving Sustainable Development Goals The Harmful Effects of Lead Exposure to Environmental Health The Effects of Pesticide Exposure in Third World Countries Driving Government Policies Through Environmental Health Research The Impact of Mercury Exposure to the World’s Oceans Global Waste Disposal and its Effects on Environmental Health As promised, above are the 20 timely essay topics on environment and the need to preserve the earth’s ecosystems developed for writing critical essays on this subject manner. The above topics cover a wide range of factors that are both natural and manmade combined with their effects on the environment. As it happens, we provide you with 10 facts on environmental health and development as well as in-depth for a critical essay. Lastly, a critical essay discussing one of the provided essay topics on environment will be provided as a guideline below. Sample Critical Essay: The Impact of the Earth’s Environmental Health on Child Mortality Rate The task of studying environmental health, human’s negative impact on it and how it can be curbed or reduced to its bare minimums is important to human development. And this importance is better understood when we consider the havoc diseases due to pollution wreck on the world’s most vulnerable citizens- our children. This essay will attempt to explore the impact of environmental health to child-mortality rate on a global scale as well as discuss ways to improve the environment we currently reside in. Environmental health is influenced by diverse factors such as the quality of air around us, the health of the world’s waterways and the manufacturing as well as human day-to-day activities. Sad to say, the factors affecting the environment in the 21st century are mostly negative for poor mining and manufacturing practices as well as the use of unhealthy facilities, machines and waste disposal techniques have taken their toll on every aspect of the earth’s environment. Now, recent studies from the World Health Organization (WHO) on environmental health paints a bleak picture for the survival of children born in underdeveloped, developing and developed nations worldwide due to the real possibility of kids being harmed by overexposure to the earth’s environment. As expected, the situation is bleaker in 3rd world and developing countries as children born into these vicinities are exposed to elements dangerous to their positive development. In 2014, the WHO reported that approximately 6.6million children under the ages of five die every year from a combination of factors such as poor health care, congenital diseases and yes, environmental factors. The study went further to state that a third of these deaths are due to the state of the environment health and could have been prevented if exposure to hazardous environmental elements were eliminated which indirectly points their death to human practices. This statistic raises the question of if humans truly contribute to a third of the current child-mortality rate due to their practices and the following paragraphs will attempt to answer this question. Asthma has been given the notorious tag as the number cause of death in children under the age of 5 and this respiratory condition is in most cases caused by the quality of air a child breathes in. And the air our children take in has been contaminated by emissions from automobiles, pesticide, lead and other harmful elements human everyday activity produces. Landfills have also been attributed to producing its own fair share of pollutants thereby adding waste disposal to the list of things harming the environment. In conclusion, the solution to drastically reducing the child-mortality rate lies in our ability to be more accountable on how we work and leave our lives both indoors and outdoors. Going green in manufacturing factories, the integration of recycling policies and participation of the world’s government in ensuring sustainable environments will be important in solving the current child mortality rate the world witnesses. Here we come to the end of these guidelines on drafting an essay topic on environment. So do not hesitate to select a topic from the above and use the sample essay as a tutorial for writing yours. References: The 1999 International Environmental Monitor Survey, Environics International, Ltd . (2000). The Coming Green Wave: Global Public Opinion on the Environment. environics.net/eil/ WHO Press Release. (2000). who.int/inf-pr-2000/en/pr2000-46.html Pretoria: Department of Water Affairs and Forestry. (2007). Annual Report of the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry for 2006/07. dwaf.gov.za/Documents/ AnnualReports/2007.asp Gordon, M Simon, L. (2000). Environmental Change and Human Health. https://www.sei-international.org/mediamanager/documents/Publications/Risk-livelihoods/environmental_change_human_health_africa.pdf Cortinas de Nava, C. (1996). Worldwide overview of hazardous wastes. Toxicology and Industrial Health. 12(2):127-138. Murray, F. (1998). Regional Air Pollution in Developing Countries: Background Document for Policy Dialogue Bangkok. Satterhwaite, D. (1999). The Links between Poverty and the Environment in Urban Areas of Africa, Asia and Latin America.

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems Research Paper

Boeing 787 Dreamliner; Quality Management Problems - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that Boeing company has grown tremendously and merged with other companies such as McDonnell Douglas among others to become the world’s largest aircraft manufacturer. In the 1950s, Boeing put its first jet aircraft to start exerting its control in the commercial airline market. Boeing is a global example of state of the art technology business dealing with aircraft manufacturing and it is the largest product exporter in U.S. Boeing has produced more than a hundred aircraft model since its inception and has currently launched the most recent model called Boeing 787 Dreamliner. In the midst of the overwhelming competition for efficiency and productivity in the airline industry, Boeing decided to produce one of the most fuel-efficient planes ever made. Whereas this was a courageous move for Boeing, the same has been faced with a myriad of problems in the production process. This is quite understandable considering tha t Boeing opted to use some of the best technologies and expertise in the world. Additionally, Boeing had to take a gamble with technologies that have never been used before, especially with such a large commercial aircraft. The outsourcing strategy and the leading edge technology of the relatively new plastic composite: carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic are the leading causes of high-cost quality and design problems. This was a change from the typical use of steel or aluminum in the manufacture of aircraft. The use of the composite material would guarantee durability, fewer repairs and maintenance cost, and long-distance flights. For a fact, only the manufacture of the tail of the Boeing 787 Dreamliner takes place in the Everest facility that is the home factory. However, it is worth noting that the risk of outsourcing in the production of Boeing 787 Dreamliner hails from the management’s decision to relinquish the design and engineering of the plane, the use of untried sources and stiffness of loyal vendors, and the use of many technological approaches at once. The outsourcing was preferred for various reasons like the commonality in outsourcing in the Boeing Company, the cost savings from the fewer employees’ in-house, lower labor rates in other countries, and the time factor necessary to manufacture the Dreamliners. Additionally, the outsourcing was an opportunity to do business in the different countries, a show of ability to compete with other aircraft manufacturers legally, response to the vulnerability of Boeing engineer strikes, the shrinking employment pool and the increasing demand of engineers at Boeing. Outsourcing is one of the management strategies widely used in the corporate scene However, many problems result from the adoption of the outsourcing strategy leading to the company’s eminent inability to reach its target of producing 10 Boeing 787 Dreamliners every year. While the management thought that the new airframe composit e warranted an all-new production approach, this was a strategic mistake since they should have accommodated the good old aspects hence keep the loyal and most proficient vendors in check.

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

P2P Bit Torrent (Torrents) - Assignment Example This makes it easy for people to download popular and huge files, like television programs and videos in a manner much faster than other protocols (Jagadeesh, 2012). When a person opens a web page and clicks on a link, he will have initiated a file download to the computer. Web browser software on the computer which serves as the client, tells the server (computer holding the required file) to transfer a copy of the file to the computer. The rate of transfer is affected by numerous dynamics, including the protocol type, the level of traffic from the server and the number of computers requesting the same file. If the file is both extensive and popular, a great demand is placed on the server and the download from the server (Kayne, 1). P2P File sharing is different from convectional file downloading. In P2P sharing a software program is used rather than a web browser, to locate computers with the required file. For the reason of these computers being typical and not acting as servers, they are referred to as peers. A user runs a P2P file-sharing program and a computer and sends out a request for the files the person wants to download (Utorrent, 2013). When the torrent client locates the computer with the required file on its hard drive, it initiates the download process. It is also possible for others using the same torrent client to obtain files they want from another person’s computer that has just downloaded the new file. This is referred to as seeding. The load of the file transfer is distributed among the computer that is exchanging the files. Some people choose to download files and once a download is complete, they terminate the torrent client connection. This is called leeching. This puts a limit on the number of computers that the software can search if a file is requested (Jagadeesh, 2012). Downloading different partitions of the file simultaneously helps to solve a common

Effective Communication Essay Example for Free

Effective Communication Essay Effective communication is an essential part in any leadership position.   Communication is a two-way process that includes articulating your thoughts well and listening to the suggestions and information coming from other people involved.   Its through communication that other people in a company would be apprised of how a particular project is going. In the case of a lead project engineer for Cards4U, to effectively communicate to all people involve in the new card line, the team leader must have an intimate knowledge of the new project.    Once he has all the information he needs, the lead engineer should create a flowchart to ensure efficiency in the execution.   In response to the chief executives request, the flowchart will also help the lead engineer create a good proposal that would showcase the musical cards in the most favorable light. The specific skills that the lead engineer must have to perform the communication aspect of his job efficiently include: having a strong ability to get his message across; open-mindedness; and ability to listen actively. As a team leader for a creative venture, the lead engineer must be able to provide a clear explanation and reason for each of the musical card prototype.   If he cant, he wont be able to sell his ideas to his boss and to prospective clients.   In the same manner, the team leader must also be open-minded about criticisms regarding the new designs. Keeping an open mind would allow him to objectively assess the validity of each comment.   As for having the skill to listen, the lead engineer would greatly benefit if hell take note of verbal and non-verbal messages.   Blair adds that listening also involves asking questions and clarifications and putting yourself in the speakers shoes. References Blair, G. Conversation As Communication. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://www.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerard/Management/art7.html?http://oldeee.see.ed.ac.uk/~gerar d/Management/art7.html Fowler, K. Communication in Your Organization. Mind Tools Ltd. (1995-200). Retrieved November 26, 2007, from http://www.mindtools.com/CommSkll/CommunicatingInAnOrganization.htm Communication Skills Confidence (2005). Leadership Skills for Todays World. Retrieved November 26, 2007, from      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.communication-skills-4confidence.com/leadership-skill.html

Survive by Love, Faith and Will Essay -- History, Nazi Party, Jews

At the beginning of the 20th century, anti-Semitism became more serious. Germany began to isolate and eliminate Jews. When the Nazi Party, led by Adolf Hitler, comes to power in 1933, he wanted to set up the perfect Nazi state. The Nazis wanted to stamp out any opposition to their rule, so they set up a system of concentration camps, death camps for holding people that they see as â€Å"undesirable†. Those â€Å"undesirables† were Jews. From 1933 to 1945, about six million Jews are murdered and it is called the Holocaust. The Holocaust is the greatest single case of mass murder in history and is difficult to ignore. After World War II, survivors of the Holocaust told their stories directly or wrote down what happened in the Holocaust. One of the famous writers is Elie Wiesel, a Noble Peace Prize winner in 1986 who wrote the novel Night based on his experience as a Holocaust survivor. Night is the record of Elie Wiesel’s memories of the Holocaust. This work of lit erature is about his experience with his father, Chlomo, in the Nazi concentration camps at Auschwitz and Buchenwald between 1944 and 1945. Another book that effectively describes the theme of the Holocaust by Canadian poet Anne Michaels is Fugitive Pieces, for which she received many prizes such as, Orange Prize, Canadian Authors Association Award and so on. The Fugitive Piece tells the story of a seven-year old young boy Jakob Beer and his parents are murdered by Nazi soldiers and his sister, Bella, is abducted during the Holocaust in Poland. Jakob flees and is rescued by a Greece geologist Athos Roussos. Athos hides Jakob successfully in Greek, then at the end of war, they move to Toronto. Both characters though from different perspectives and stories Elie and Jakob’s experiences... ...him geography and language every day. Because of Athos strong will, Jakob finally goes out the room and back to life at the end of the war. Hence, Ellie and Athos' will to survive supports them and the people around them to live to see the end of the war. To sum up, World War II was the most destructive human endeavor in history. Battles were fought on every continent and involved more than sixty countries, affecting about three-quarters of the world’s population. Six million Jews were murdered by the Nazis. Although the memory of Holocaust has made the world more sensitive to genocide, it has a lasting impact on the Jewish people. Then both Night and Fugitive Pieces are two impressive books which allow readers glimpse at Holocaust, tell the world that even in the worst situations, love from families and friends, faith and will to live will encourage survivals.

How the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou Essay

In the chapter 15 as we call Sister Flowers from How the Caged Bird Sings by Maya Angelou, allows us the readers to experience the day with Margareute Johnson through her writing style as if we were experiencing it through her eyes and deep inside her thoughts. Her use of imagery, metaphors, similes and narration helps us paint and imagine a vivid picture in our own minds. Just like when Angelou is describing Sister Flowers, â€Å"Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged . . .† Her use of a simile comparing a plum helps us imagine the details such as being smooth, soft, and shiny, just as she saw Sister Flower’s dark black skin. Her use of imagery helps us experience things she saw, the smells she smelt, as if we were right there experiencing it with her. â€Å"The sweet scent of vanilla had met us as she opened the door.† As we read this we can in our heads invent in our minds how Sister Flowers house smelled like vanilla, as she was about to step into her house. Angelou gets us thinking that Sister Flowers had probably just got done baking. â€Å"They were flat round wagers, slightly browned on the edges and butter-yellow in the center.† Angelou already gave us her sense of smell, now she is using imagery to describe her sense of sight of the cookies that Sister Flowers just baked especially for Margareute. Now she is getting our mouths watering for some of Sister Flower’s cookies. Angelou with out a doubt had a good writing style using a lot of similes, imagery, metaphors, and narration to improve our ability to acknowledge every little smell, every little detail and that she saw, just pretty much everything that was going through her head as she was living it first hand.

Archetypal Characters Abound in Beowulf - 2193 Words

Archetypal Characters Abound in Beowulf â€Å"Have you heard the story of â€Å"The Scorpion and the Frog†? A frog comes upon a scorpion and pleads for his life. The scorpion says he will not kill the frog if the frog takes him across the river. The frog asks, â€Å"How do I know you won’t kill me as I carry you?† The scorpion replies, â€Å"If I were to strike you, we would both surely die.† Thinking it over, the frog agrees and halfway across the river the scorpion strikes the frog in the back. As they both start to drown, the frog asks, â€Å"Why did you strike me? Now we will both die.† The scorpion replies with his last breath, â€Å"Because it is in my nature.† Developing characters using archetypes helps readers understand why heroes, villains and other†¦show more content†¦Often, for undaunted courage, fate spares the man it has not already marked. (Line 572-573) All of these traits illustrate first hand that Beowulf can be classified as nothing less than a true h ero. Just as Beowulf works to maintain his image as a hero, Unferth, struggles to keep people from recalling his position in society as an outcast. His position as a lowly man is evident â€Å"from where he crouched at the king’s feet.† (Line 499) Unferth has no glory of his own to share; he is extremely resentful of the accolades Beowulf receives; he resents Beowulf’s status as a hero in society.(1C) â€Å"Beowulf’s coming, his sea-braving, made him sick with envy: he could not brook or abide the fact that anyone else alive under heaven might enjoy greater regard than he did.† (Lines 501-502) Bitterness causes Unferth to lash out at Beowulf. He attempts to publicly humiliate him by proving that he lost a swimming match to his rival Breca and that he will not last against Grendel. This proves that Unferth is trying to make himself not so pathetic by demeaning Beowulf in public. â€Å"So Breca made good his boast upon you and was proved right. No matter, therefore, how you may have fared in every bout and battle until now, this time you’ll be worsted; no one has ever outlasted an entire

How to Give Teenagers Advice Lesson for ESL

In this lesson plan, students will have the opportunity to practice offering advice to teenagers. This can be an especially fun activity to do with high school students. Lesson Plan - Giving Advice to Teenagers Aim: Building reading comprehension and advice giving skills / focus on modal verb should and modal verbs of deduction Activity: Reading about teenage problems followed by group work Level: Intermediate - Upper Intermediate Outline: Start off the lesson by asking students to suggest what type of problems teenagers typically may have.Use one of the problems mentioned and inductively review modal verbs of deduction by asking questions such as, What must have happened to the boy?, Do you think he might have lied to his parents?, etc.Ask students for advice on what the person should do (reviewing the modal verb should).Have students get into small groups (four or five students).Distribute the handout with the various teen problems taken from real life. Assign one (or two) situations to each group.Have the students answer the questions as a group. Ask students to use the same forms as given in the questions (i.e. What might he have thought? - ANSWER: He might have thought it was too difficult.)Students should then use the sheet to report back to the class actively using the modal verb should to give advice.As a follow-up exercise or homework:Ask students to write about a problem they have had.Students should not writ e their names on their short problem descriptionDistribute the problems to other studentsHave students answer the questions about the situation described by on of their classmatesAsk students to verbally give recommendations Teenage Problems - Giving Advice ​ questionnaire: Read your situation and then answer the following questions What might the relationship be between the person and his / her parents?How must he / she feel?What cant have happened?Where might he / she live?Why might he / she have this problem?What should he / she do? (Give at least 5 suggestions) Teenage Problems:Sample Texts Should I Marry Him? I have been with my boyfriend for almost four years, We are going to get married next year but, there are a couple of concerns I have: One is the fact that he never talks about his feelings - he keeps everything inside of him. He sometimes has trouble with expressing his excitement about things. He never buys me flowers or takes me out to dinner. He says that he doesnt know why, but he never thinks of things like that. I dont know if this is a side effect of depression or, maybe, he is sick of me. He says that he loves me  and that he wants to marry me. If this is true, what is his problem? Female, 19 For Friendship or Love? Im one of those guys who have the quite normal problem: Im in love with a girl, but I dont know what to do. I have already had a crush on some girls, never with any success, but this is something different. My problem is actually that Im too cowardly to tell her anything. I know that she likes me and were very, very good friends. Weve known each other for about three years, and our friendship has constantly become better. We often get into quarrels, but we always make up. Another problem is that we often talk about problems with each other, so I know she is having problems with her boyfriend (who I think is no good for her). We meet almost every day. We always have a lot of fun together, but is it really so difficult to love someone who has been a good chum until now? Male, 15 Please Help me and My Family My family doesnt get along. Its like we all hate each other. Its my mom, my two brothers, a sister, and I. I am the oldest. We all have certain problems: My mom wants to quit smoking so she is really stressed out. I am really selfish — I just cant help it. One of my brothers is too bossy. He thinks he is better than the rest of us, and that he is the only one who helps my mom. My other brother is kind of abusive and depressed. He always starts fights and hes really spoiled. My mom doesnt yell at him for doing things wrong and when she does, he laughs at her. My sister — whos 7 — makes messes and doesnt clean them up. I really want to help because I dont like being upset all of the time and having everyone hate everyone else. Even when we start to get along, someone will say something to upset someone else. Please help me and my family. Female, 15 Hates School I hate school. I cannot stand my school so I skip it almost every day. Luckily, I am a smart person. Im in all of the advanced classes and dont have a reputation as a rebel. Only the people who really know me know about my strange feelings. My parents dont care — they dont even mention it if I dont go to school. What I end up doing is sleeping all day and then staying up all night talking to my girlfriend. I get behind in my work and, when I try to go back to school, I get a bunch of crap from my teachers and friends. I just get so depressed when I think about it. I have given up on trying to go back and am considering dropping out altogether. I really dont want to do that because I realize it would ruin my life. I dont want to go back at all, but I also dont want it to ruin my life. I am so confused and I have really tried to go back and just cant take it. What should I do? Please help. Male, 16

The Center For Child And Family Policy - 1555 Words

Although critics such as Stanley Fish believe that institutes of higher education should not promote civic engagement, universities such as Duke University heavily push students to become more civically and politically engaged, even making certain courses have requirements to complete a service component. Numerous civic engagement programs exist at Duke that offer different services and opportunities for students to engage with the community. Duke University’s Center for Child and Family Policy offers a civic engagement program the School Research Partnership (SRP), which attempts to address issues of education inequity and achievement. To understand the vastness of civic engagement opportunities, I will compare SRP to Bass Connections at†¦show more content†¦In 1988, Duke University hired former Ph.D. student Kenneth Dodge, a clinical and developmental psychologist from Vanderbilt, to lead the effort. Thus, on July 1, 1999, the Center for Child and Family Policy was officially open (â€Å"Center for Child and Family Policy†). The Center fellows focus their research on â€Å"the effect of economic distress on child development, early childhood, the development of risky behaviors, childhood mental illness, and a wide range of education policy issues including school truancy, charter schools, teacher training and education reform efforts.† From August 2003 to July 2009, the Center conducted the largest violence-prevention study that the National Institute of Mental Health has ever funded. In addition, the Center houses the Center for Adolescent Risk and Resilience (C*StARR), a research project that studies the biology and behavior producing teen substance abuse. The Center can give journalists expert explanations â€Å"on the above topics, as well as child abuse prevention, youth violence prevention, children and technology, parenting across cultures, single mothers and more.† The Center provided evaluations of programs that can positively affect the lives of children. They have worked with fed eral granting agencies, the state government, public school systems, and community organizations. The staff helps with grant writing, identifying potential funding sources, and provide solutions that combine scientific

Quantitative Risk Concepts - Techniques and Tools

Question: Discuss about the Quantitative Risk for Concepts, Techniques and Tools. Answer: Causes of high inherent risk at financial report level: The complexity of a system can lead to many unexpected errors in the financial reports. The chances of misstatements or errors in transactions in the system can arise due higher inherent risk. The chances of errors in the financial system for reasons other than lack of internal operational control can be mostly related to inherent risk. Gunin-Paracini et al. (2014) mentioned that degree of financial exposure of an organization is another factor that leads to inherent risk of an organization. The financial transactions of the organization that operates in the macro environment of stringent statutory compliances can lead to more occasions of errors and thereby, increased inherent risk. In the view of Ihendinihu and Robert (2014), the organization that is dependent on more types of forecasting of future requirements and deals with complex financial transactions creates chances for more inherent risk proportions. The main contributing factors that enhance the inherent risks for the financial reporting of the telecom organization at Australia, One Tel can be detailed as below: Impact of substitution in market: The availability of huge number of competitors in the Australian market creates the competitive pressure on the existing telecom organizations in the area. Moreover, the options of mobile number portability have provided option for the customers to switch over from one service provider to another. Even while switching over to another network, the pending bills for the present network are often not cleared. Kannan et al. (2014) mentioned that this situation creates bad debt which lacks chances of recovery. The overall bad debt need to be kept in a clear note as the total volume of bad debt may rise above the expected value. Efforts to recover the bad debts are to be taken and even correct reporting is important to get over the burden of excess income tax. Even the profit margin gets impacted by the bad debt amounts (Jang and Kim, 2016). Competitive market: The competitive market impacts the level of revenue of One Tel in Australia. Sadgrove (2016) mentioned that the competition impacts the overall sale volume and the forecast on the future sale volume becomes far from expected due to the constant switching over among different telecom service providers. The number of telecom service providers in Australia has mounted up to 35 which create a huge option range of service providers for the customers. The customer behavior becomes more unpredictable with time and increasing options in market. Mironeasa and Codină (2013) emphasized that the chances of error in prediction become more evident leading to more inherent risks in the financial reports. Autonomy of Board of Directors: The autonomy of a board of directors is dependent on the fraction of non-executive members in the board. The present board composition of One Tel indicates that the half of the members on board are non-executives imbibing autonomy in the board. Now, autonomy actually indicates the independent operating capability of the board members. In the view of Lothe (2013), the autonomy imbibes a considerable proportion of inherent risk. Here, the case of One Tel also shows that the autonomous board attracts inherent risk in the system. Qualification of the Board Members: The board members are responsible for taking important financial decisions for the organization (Rust et al. 2011). The business policies and strategies are one of the main determinant factors for success of financial improvement of One Tel. The qualifications of the board members are the driving force behind the decision perfection. More number of board members from finance back ground can help in meeting the financial risks in the organization. However, McNeil et al. (2015) mentioned that the telecom industries tend to hire persons from similar technical background in the same field of operation instead of finance qualified persons. This paves the way for major inherent risks in the systems. Concerns related to revenue recognition: According to Zadek et al. (2013), the inherent risk is directly proportional to the issues with revenue recognition. The revenue can be recognized in records once the revenue is completely assured. However, the telecom service providers face a severe issue in identifying the correct time for revenue recognition. William et al. (2016) stated that the telecom service providers with postpaid services are mostly in such problems. The customer using a postpaid connection has the opportunity to use the services for a month or a full bill cycle. The usage bill is generated and thereby the same is sent to the user. A due date is provided 7 to 10 days from bill generation. Now, the service providers face the issue as to when should the revenue be recognized. There are options for One Tel to record the revenue once the service is provided, or when the bill is generated and sent for collection of payment. The financial year closing period is even more confusing for One Tel. On the date of trial balance, One Tel get confused as to what amount should be reflected- the amount used up or the amount that is ensured of payment. The total complication leads to mount up in the volume of inherent risk in the financial system. Training to the staff: The most efficient tool to sharpen the work force is adequate training. In the words of Sanderson (2013), the more the number of training sessions, the clearer can be the concept of personnel at One Tel. The training needs to be essentially in the finance segment along with the operations team trainings. Even senior finance associates can train the junior staffs at the operations. The constant training programs can ensure that the financial reporting is done appropriately. Internal audit facility can also keep a monitor on the staff performances. The positive impact of training can be used only when such facilities are available at One Tel. If One Tel cannot arrange for the training facilities, then the process can lead to more inherent risks. Lack of internal committee to monitor auditing: The auditing process is overall managed, monitored and controlled by the audit committee of an organization. One Tel needs to maintain such a team of experts who monitors the overall process of financial reporting and also oversees the auditing to ensure no unjust non-conformity can be bestowed on One Tel. The Audit committee assists the external auditors in the external audit process. The external auditors can be provided with apt information pertaining to all financial transactions one asking. Zeff (2016) mentioned that the absence of an audit committee however leaves loopholes in the financial recording due to absence of monitoring of the complex transactional processes. The inherent risk can be avoided by appointed an efficient team of finance experts as audit committee. Growth in economy: The Australian economy is at the verge of growth. Here, Beck and Mauldin (2014) mentioned that most interestingly, the growth opportunities create many options for business development and expansion which leads to increased inherent risk. Now, this can be attributed to the various scopes that open up for business growth and more enhancing the revenue volume. The lending and investment options increase by leaps in growing economy scenario with increased complication. So, with growth in economy, the inherent risk gets enhanced. Strategic issues in the organization: The some of the factors contributing to the inherent risks arising in financial report can be specifically overcome by proper strategic progress. Such issues can be identified as strategic issues like qualification of board member, independence of board; audit committee at office, training culture implementation can be such issues (Waldron, 2016). Now, proper strategic planning at the management level of One Tel can evolve out specific strategic approach towards handling the issues. Bowling (2014) stared that the top management needs to implement the culture to ensure proper training and development of the grass root level employees to the middle management level to reduce the inherent risk from the complexity of daily operation. Also, setting an audit team is a essential responsibility of the higher management. However, the most important part is determining the board composition and selection of proper qualified financially knowledgeable person who can define the strategic policies for the organization. The top management of One Tel can be very particular on eliminating the identified issues to reduce the overall inherent risk of One Tel. Causes of inherent risk at account balance level: The factors that cause the inherent risk at account balance level need to be identified. The identification can help in management of the inherent risk associated at the account balance level. The factors can be studied as: Dual modes of service offered at One Tel: The operation of ant telecom service provider is offered in dual mode. The first mode can be seen as pre-paid services and the other one is post-paid services. The expense for prepaid services are paid by customer before using while in postpaid, the services are first used and then bills are sent for payment. The time on which the revenue is to be recognized gives trouble. The amount of bill gets assigned as account receivable or doubtful dept remains a question for One Tel. The same accounts system gets no resolution as to when the actual revenue can be recorded. Absence of parity among all the pricing system: The sales calculation for the services at One Tel and similar other telecom service providers becomes very complicated due to the different types of tariffs available for the huge band of pre-paid customers along with different bill plans applicable for different post paid customers. The rate cutters with different denomination and different functions are being recharged by the customers the same way as the postpaid customers take power packs sometimes to reduce call rate and sometimes to boost internet speed and others. The confusion heaps up when the question arises whether payment for postpaid services used is to be shown as accounts receivable or as sale. The confusion clearing is highly necessary for ensuring low inherent risk at One Tel. Assessment of going concern state of One Tel: Going concern concept is one of major accounting concepts which consider an organization to continue its business for a considerably longer period of time in the industry. The concept of accounting clearly assumes that a particular business organization would continue its business over a longer period of time and would not think of liquidating its assets or resources within a short time. On the other hand, the principle of going concern is applied in all accounting transactions and thus impacts the financial performance of a company. It is the going concern principle based on which prepaid and outstanding portions of incomes expenses are recognized in the balance sheet. Similarly, an asset is depreciated over its entire useful life. One Tel is one of the growing companies in the telecom sector of Australia. There are certain financial and non-financial factors that influence going concern aspect of the business. The good thing about the external business environment is that the Australian telecom sector is evidencing sharp growth which has a positive impact on the sustainability of One Tel. On the contrary, a market with rapid growth opportunities attracts investors which might reduce the market share of One Tel and can also have a negative impact on the going concern aspect of the company. On the other hand, analyzing the financial statements of One Tel it was discovered that the liquidity position of One Tel has improved considerably in 2000 compared to the same in 1999. Increase in the amount of current assets is yet another good factor for the company. However, One Tel has been seen to indulge in high level of debt financing which raises the financial risk of the company and thus sustainability could be at s take if not managed quickly. Negative cash flows from investment and operational activities remains a concern for One Tel. Hence, on the whole One Tel seems to have a medium level of going concern state. Reference List: Beck, M.J. and Mauldin, E.G., 2014. Who's really in charge? Audit committee versus CFO power and audit fees.The Accounting Review,89(6), pp.2057-2085. Bowling, A., 2014.Research methods in health: investigating health and health services. McGraw-Hill Education (UK). Gunin-Paracini, H., Malsch, B. and Paill, A.M., 2014. Fear and risk in the audit process.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(4), pp.264-288. Ihendinihu, J.U. and Robert, S.N., 2014. Role of Audit Education in Minimizing Audit Expectation Gap (AEG) in Nigeria.International Journal of Business and Management,9(2), p.203. Jang, J.Y. and Kim, C.N., 2016. An Analysis of the Effects of Knowledge Complementarities on the Performance of Information System Audit: A Perspective of the Resident Audit in the Project Office.Journal of the Korea society of IT services,15(1), pp.113-129. Kannan, Y.H., Skantz, T.R. and Higgs, J.L., 2014. The impact of CEO and CFO equity incentives on audit scope and perceived risks as revealed through audit fees.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,33(2), pp.111-139. Lothe, R. 2013. Fish feed-research may help reduce world hunger, ScienceNordic, 17 Mar/13, Retrieved on 11, Jul/16 from: 20 https://sciencenordic.com/fish-feed-research-may-helpreduce-world-hunger. McNeil, A.J., Frey, R. and Embrechts, P., 2015.Quantitative risk management: Concepts, techniques and tools. Princeton university press. Mironeasa, C. and Codină, G.G., 2013. A new approach of audit functions and principles.Journal of Cleaner Production,43, pp.27-36. Rust, M., Barrows, F., Hardy, R., Lazur, A., Naughten, K., Silverstein, J. 2011. The Future of Aquafeeds, NOAA/USDA Alternative Feeds Initiative, NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS F/SPO-124, Retrieved on 11 Jul/16 from: https://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/aquaculture/docs/feeds/the_future_of_aquafeeds_final.pdf. Sadgrove, K., 2016.The complete guide to business risk management. Routledge. Sanderson, I., 2013. Tools for IT governance assurance: using recent updates of ISACA's Information Systems Audit and Assurance Standards alongside COBIT 5 can help auditors evaluate their organization's information systems governance.Internal Auditor,70(5), pp.51-54. Waldron, M., 2016. The Future of Audit.CFA Institute Magazine,27(3), pp.55-55. William Jr, M., Glover, S. and Prawitt, D., 2016. Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach.Auditing and Assurance Services: A Systematic Approach. Zadek, S., Evans, R. and Pruzan, P., 2013.Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge. Zeff, S.A., 2016.Forging accounting principles in five countries: A history and an analysis of trends. Routledge.

A Comparative Study of the Development of Ragtime free essay sample

Blues, work songs, ragtime, spirituals, and minstrel songs were, in their own ways, all part of the great Fractionation of American music that was originated by enslaved Africans in the southern United States. But the greatest of the musical forms developed In this process was jazzone of the major American contributions to world culture. Each of these forms of music made essential contributions to the development of Jazz Itself but each, more or less, retained Its own Integrity and none could be said to have been transformed into jazz.What differentiated Jazz from these earlier styles was the widespread use of improvisation, often by more than one player at a time. Jazz represented a break from Western musical traditions, where the composer wrote a piece of music on paper and the musicians then tried their best to play exactly what was in the score. In a Jazz piece, the song is often Just a starting point or frame of reference for the musicians to Improvise around. The song might have been a popular ditty or blues that they didnt compose, but by the time they were finished with it they had composed a new piece that often bore little resemblance to the original song.Many of these virtuoso musicians were not good sight readers and some could not read music at all, nevertheless their playing thrilled audiences and the spontaneous music they created captured a joy and sense of adventure that was an exciting and radical departure from the music of that time. The first Jazz was played by African-American and Creole musicians In New Orleans. The cornet player, Buddy Bolder Is generally considered to be the first real Jazz musician. Other early players included Freddie Sheppard, Bunk Johnson and Clarence Williams.Although these musicians names are unknown to most people, then and owe, their ideas are still being elaborated to this day. Most of these men could not make a living with their music and were forced to work menial Jobs to get by. Throughout the growth of Jazz music, various forms were created and developed In different geographic regions. Two very notable styles of Jazz music are Ragtime and Dixieland. TLS paper will analyze and explore the development of both Ragtime and Dixieland throughout the late 19th century and early 20th century. Ragtime rhythms appeared in print as early as the first half of the nineteenth century, but the first published ragtime piece is generally acknowledged to be Mississippi Rag, composed by William Krill in 1897. Later that same year, Tom Turnip became the first black composer to publish a ragtime composition with his work Harlem Rag. Both are well crafted and suggest that the ragtime style had been In Incubation for some time prior to their appearance. By the turn of the century, the ragtime craze was in full swing, so much so that highbrow critics felt compelled to attack it. Ragtimes days are numbered, declared Metronome magazine. We are sorry to hint that anyone should imagine that ragtime was of the least musical importance. It was a popular wave in the wrong direction. That same year, the American Federation musicians know what is good, and if the people dont, we will have to teach them. 1 In the midst of this rapid dissemination of a new musical style, the term rag invariably became both overused and misapplied, often being employed to denote a wide range of African-American musical idioms.Many pieces from this period use the word rag in their title while bearing little resemblance to what has come to be now as classic rag style, Just as many so-called blues compositions strayed, sometimes considerably, from the standard twelve-bar form. Nevertheless as the style evolved, ragtime developed into a structured four-theme form, with each melody typically encompassing sixteen bars. The most common form for these classic rag pieces was BACKED, with a modulation to a different key typically employed for the C theme.Although the published ragtime compositions came to include vocal works and band arrangements, this style reached its highest pitch as a f orm of solo piano music. In many ways, the spread of this Jubilant new music went hand in hand with the growing popularity of pianos in turn-of-the-century American households. Between 1890 and 1909, total piano production in the United States grew from under 100,000 instruments per year to over 350,000and it is worth noting that 1909 marked the peak level not only in American piano production, but also in the number of ragtime pieces published.By 1911, a staggering 295 separate companies manufacturing pianos had set up operations in the United States, with another 69 businesses producing piano supplies. During this same period, player pianos increasingly made their way into homes and gathering places. In 1897, the same year that witnessed the publication of the first ragtime piece, the Angelus cabinet player piano, the first such instrument to use a pneumatic push-up device to depress the keys, was released to an enthusiastic marketplace. By 1919 player pianos constituted over half the output of the U. S. Piano industry. These two powerful trends, the spread of pianos into American households and the growing popularity of mechanical player pianos, helped spur the enormous public demand or ragtime music during the early years of the twentieth century. This unprecedented outpouring of ragtime artistry was centered, to a striking degree, in a fairly small geographical area. Just as the rural blues blossomed in the atmosphere of the Mississippi Delta, and as early Jazz would later flourish in the environs of New Orleans, so early ragtime reached its zenith in turn-of-the-century Missouri. The cities of Saddles, Cartage, and SST.Louis, among others, boasted a glittering array of rag composers, as well as an ambitious group of music publishers who recognized the extraordinary body of talent at hand. In Saddles, a booming railroad town that almost became the state capital, Scott Joplin gathered a cadre of promising rag composers around him, including his students Scott Hayden and Arthur Marshall. Saddles mu sic publisher John Stark, a major advocate for ragtime in general and Joplin in particular, proved to be an important catalyst in bringing the work of these local composers to the attention of the broader public. Stark, Joplin, and Hayden eventually moved to SST. Louis, another major center of rag activity during these glory years. The local composers here included Louis Chauvinism, an exceptionally talented dative of the city who left behind all too few compositions, as well as Tom Turnip and Artier Matthews. In Cartage, Missouri, James Scott created a number of outstanding where Scott worked. With the exception of Joseph Lamb, a white composer from Montclair, New Jersey, virtually all the leading exponents of the classic rag style made their home, at one point or another, in Missouri.Scott Joplin stands out as the greatest of these composers. While others may have written rags that were more technically demanding or boasted more striking novelty effects, none could approach he structural elegance, the melodic inventiveness, or the unflagging commitment to artistry that characterized Joplin major works. Nor would any other rag composer match Joplin ambitions for the musicambitions that led to the composition of two operas, a ballet, and other works that squarely challenged the lowbrow reputation of the rag idiom.Although his more daring works never gained the acceptance, at least during his lifetime, that Joplin craved, his reputation stands out today all the more due to the high standards to which he aspired. Joplin was born in Texans, Texas, n November 24, 1868. His father, the former slave Giles Joplin, had played the violin for house parties given by the local slave-owner in the days before the Emancipation Proclamation, while his mother, Florence Givens Joplin, sang and played the banjo.The banjo may have had a particular impact on Coots musical sensibilities: the syncopated rhythms of nineteenth-century African-American banjo music are clear predecessors of the later piano rag style. While Scott was still in his youth, his father left the family, and his mother was forced to rely on domestic work to support her six hillier. Joplin exhibited his affinity for the keyboard at an early age. He often accompanied his mother to the houses where she worked and would play and improvise on the piano while she went about her chores.By his teens, Joplin had established himself as a professional pianist, with opportunities to play at churches, clubs, and social gatherings in the border area of Texas and Arkansas. Later he became involved in teaching music as well as in singing with a vocal quintet that performed widely in the region. During this period, Joplin made his first attempts at composition. At some point in the mid-sass, Joplin moved to SST. Louis, where he earned his livelihood primarily as a pianist, both as a soloist in saloons and other nightspots as well as with a band.The ensemble work gave Joplin an opportunity to develop the skills in arranging that would later reach their pinnacle in orchestrations for his two operas. Joplin made his home in SST. Louis for almost a decade, but he traveled widely during these years. At some point in the mid-sass, Joplin settled down in Saddles, where he eventually began studying harmony and composition at the nearby George R. Smith College for Negroes. Around 1897, Joplin wrote the Maple Leaf Rag, a composition that would soon become the most famous ragtime piece of its day.It wasnt until two years later that John Stark published the work, and in the first year only four hundred copies were sold. But in the fall of 1900, the Maple Leaf Rag caught on with the general public, eventually becoming the first piece of sheet music to sell more than one million copies. This figure is all the more stunning when one realizes that there were fewer than 100,000 professional musicians and music teachers in the United States at the time. Amateur pianists, for their part, must have found it anything but easy to navigate the technical and rhythmic difficulties of Joplin celebrated rag.However, many purchased the sheet music and labored over its intricate syncopation. Joplin career produced a plethora Civil War period [1861-65], African-Americans in the south were freed from slavery. In New Orleans, many blacks began forming bands and played for many occasions, such as church and lodge events, parades, picnics, celebrations, and funerals. They played much the way they had sungusing the African natural vocal style with employ rhythmic structures. By the sass, small bands of 5 to 8 players were being formed and Dixieland Jazz was launched. Usually these bands consisted of three solo instruments and a rhythm section. The solo instruments included the cornet or trumpet, the clarinet, and the trombone. The cornet usually played the main melody of the piece, the clarinet wove an improvised second part above the cornet part (usually in a faster rhythm), and the trombone added slides for rhythmic drive. The syncopation and rhythmic independence of the melodic instruments created a ravenous sense of excitement. This use of three different parts is an example of polyphony, mentioned in the first section of this curriculum guide.The rhythm section clearly marked the beat and provided a background of chords to support the three solo instruments. This section usually consisted of a banjo or guitar, drums, a tuba, and sometimes a piano. String bass and the saxophone were later added during the sasss. The tunes of New Orleans Jazz were usually based on well known pieces such as marches, church melodies, ragtime pieces, popular songs, or specially the 12-bar blues. The Jazz bands rarely used written music; in fact, most of the musicians were self-taught and could not read music. A new player was told, Just listen awhile, then play what you feel. Like folk music, this type of Jazz was handed down through an aural / oral tradition, not by a written one. There was a set formula for playing Dixieland. One or more choruses of collective improvisation generally occurred at the beginning and the end of a piece, called Jamming. In between, individual players were featured in improvised solos, accompanied by the withy section or by the whole band. Sometimes there were brief unaccompanied solos, called breaks. The bands performance might begin with an introduction and end with a brief coda, or tag.Often these bands marched through the city of New Orleans, or rode in horse-drawn wagons with advertising strips on each side (the bands played to attract attention to the advertising). The band, particularly the three solo instruments, were called the front line. People attracted to the band would walk in front of, along side, or behind the band. They were called the second line. Usually the trombone player sat in the rear of the wagon on the open tailgate, facing backwards, so he would not bump into other players with the slide part of the instrument.The terms tailgate slide and tailgate trombone come from this way of sitting in the wagon. The term Dixieland became widely used after the advent of the first million-selling hit records of the Original Dixieland Sass Band in 1917. The music has been played continuously since the early part of the 20th century. Louis Armstrongs All-stars was the band most popularly identified with Dixieland, although Armstrongs own influence runs through all of Jazz. Many Dixieland groups consciously imitated the recordings and bands of decades earlier.Other musicians continued to create innovative performances and original new tunes. Some fans of post bebop Jazz consider Dixieland to no longer be a vital part of Jazz, while some adherents consider music in the traditional style, when well and creatively played, is jazz is the first indigenous American style to affect music in the rest of the World. From the beat of ragtime syncopation and driving brass bands to soaring gospel hours mixed with field hollers and the deep down growl of the blues, Jazzs many roots are celebrated almost everywhere in the United States.Throughout the years jazz has developed and changed in various ways but still holds true to its roots. From the inception of the idea of Jazz various forms of this style of music were derived. Two very significant of these fundamental forms are ragtime and Dixieland. During the late 19th Century and early 20th Century these two sectors of Jazz developed and are still well appreciated and utilized in the music society of today.