Traditional And Progressive Education Essays -

Traditional And Progressive Education The debate of Traditional vs. progressive education has been going on since the first school was built. Both sides has it's ups and downs, but I believe that the best form of education is progressive. Progressive education prepares us better for the real world. Progressive education, unlike traditional, lets the teachers reach the kids in the era. For example with progressive the instructors use real life situations teach the students, instead of from a textbook. With using real life examples the kids can relate and understand better than things coming out of a ten year old textbook. Therefore the pupils will be more attentive to what the teacher is saying. In addition in place of sixteen year old tests the students will be tested on information vital to the "real world". This will make your students more apt to make it in the world of work. Also then they will be able to make the right designs when the grow up. With all that said, progressive education clearly reaches out and teaches more kids. The education system should be progressive because it focuses on the freedom if the learner. For example instead of external disciple being used free activity is used. That drops the fear that the teacher can punish you for nothing more than looking at him/her funny. This also allows the pupil to see that something good comes from life instead of just punishment. In addition instead of being stuck use the same textbook, the same assignments, and the same texts teachers can makeup their up own and assignments. This allows the instructor to make it so the students he/she has can understand and find it interesting. This will help the students to learn more then they thought they could. Progressive education is the way to go for freedom of the leaner. Students no longer look at their teacher as a group of "know it all" who's only fun is to question little kids on stuff they do not know. For example through the traditional way of going teachers are the people with all the answers, the "All-knowing Beings of Greatness and Wisdom". This make the students resent the teachers and not want to comply with their directions. They also lose respect for the teacher and school in general. In addition through the progressive way the teachers seem more as some who guides you through the trouble times. This give the teacher back the respects of his/her pupils. This always the teacher to tell the student what to do and it will get done. With the traditional way of doing things teachers get no respect. The progressive way of education is the best. It helps the students learn and get help in the real world. Also it give the teachers a freedom to do what they want, instead of what a text books say.

Free Essays on Freedom of Expression

Internet filters, v-chips, â€Å"abstinence-only† education, and indecency laws are just a few of the tactics our society has employed in recent years to protect the â€Å"innocent† minds of youth. These censorial measures not only prevent young people from learning, thinking, and exploring; they deprive them of critical information on subjects ranging from human rights and feminism to drugs and safer sex. In early May, The Free Expression Policy Project – along with the Vera List Center for Art and Politics at New School University – brought together 33 advocates from the fields of free expression, sexuality education, youth journalism, and media literacy, along with 10 outstanding teen writers and activists, for a colloquium to develop strategies for combating censorship aimed at minors. Our foremost goal was to brainstorm strategies that would empower young people by teaching them critical thinking skills, advancing their free-expression rights, and enabling them to participate effectively in the political process. By the end of the day, we’d done just that – and birthed a new movement along the way. Our colloquium commenced with an overview of the many forms of youth censorship, including Internet filters, restrictions on the student press, and abstinence- only sexuality education. As Mark Goodman of the Student Press Law Center noted, censorship of the student press has increased dramatically his organization saw a 41 percent leap in the number of reported censorship incidents between 1999 and 2000, usually for articles about sexuality or school shootings, or critiques of school policies. Even tenured newspaper advisors are coming under the fire of increasingly conservative administrators, and those who stand up for their students are beleaguered and occasionally dismissed. Some schools have cracked down on independent media as well, including zines and students’ personal websites. Susan Wilson of the Network... Free Essays on Freedom Of Expression Free Essays on Freedom Of Expression Internet filters, v-chips, â€Å"abstinence-only† education, and indecency laws are just a few of the tactics our society has employed in recent years to protect the â€Å"innocent† minds of youth. These censorial measures not only prevent young people from learning, thinking, and exploring; they deprive them of critical information on subjects ranging from human rights and feminism to drugs and safer sex. In early May, The Free Expression Policy Project – along with the Vera List Center for Art and Politics at New School University – brought together 33 advocates from the fields of free expression, sexuality education, youth journalism, and media literacy, along with 10 outstanding teen writers and activists, for a colloquium to develop strategies for combating censorship aimed at minors. Our foremost goal was to brainstorm strategies that would empower young people by teaching them critical thinking skills, advancing their free-expression rights, and enabling them to participate effectively in the political process. By the end of the day, we’d done just that – and birthed a new movement along the way. Our colloquium commenced with an overview of the many forms of youth censorship, including Internet filters, restrictions on the student press, and abstinence- only sexuality education. As Mark Goodman of the Student Press Law Center noted, censorship of the student press has increased dramatically his organization saw a 41 percent leap in the number of reported censorship incidents between 1999 and 2000, usually for articles about sexuality or school shootings, or critiques of school policies. Even tenured newspaper advisors are coming under the fire of increasingly conservative administrators, and those who stand up for their students are beleaguered and occasionally dismissed. Some schools have cracked down on independent media as well, including zines and students’ personal websites. Susan Wilson of the Network... Free Essays on Freedom of Expression Freedom of Expression: All people in the United States are guaranteed this right by the Constitution. Students, however, do not have this right to the same extent as adults. This is because public schools are required to protect all students at the school. The major aspects of this right are speech and dress. Both the right to speech and dress are not absolute in public high schools. According to the American Civil Liberties Union: "You (students) have a right to express your opinions as long as you do so in a way that doesn't 'materially and substantially' dirsupt classes or other school activities. If you hold a protest on the school steps and block the entrance to the building, school officials can stop you. They can probably also stop you from using language they think is 'vulgar or indecent'("Ask Sybil Libert" ACLU 1998). Public schools can also restrict student dress. In 1987 in Harper v. Edgewood Board of Education the court upheld "a dress regulation that required students to 'dress in conformity w it hthe accepted standards of the community'"(Whalen 72). This means that schools can restrict clothing with vulgarities and such, but they cannot restrict religious clothing: "School officials must accomodate student's religious beliefs by permitting the wearing of religious clothing when such clothing must be worn during the school day as a part of the student's religious practice"(Whalen 78). Back to Student Rights in Public High School: Bibliography: Religious Freedom: The First Amendment to the United States Constitution states, "Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The right to freedom of religion includes the right to be free from religion: "Public schools are run by the government. Therefore, they must obey the First Amendment. This means that they can teach about the influences of religion in history, literature, and philosophy- they can't pro...

Engineering Manegment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Engineering Manegment - Essay Example hese business plans are intended to be seen as an example of either a good or a bad business plan; instead, they are to be viewed as vehicles towards understanding positive and negative components of each. The first business plan that this analysis will weigh relates to Momentex LLC and their proposed line of Gulp N Go products. Momentex would like to target the untapped market of vending services that are located within toll booths throughout the United States. The plan exhibits multiple strengths. Firstly, regardless of what one thinks of the business plan, it is undeniable that the proximity of the product to the customer is perfectly positioned. The second strength ties in alongside this proximity and evokes the strength of suggestion while the customer is already in the process of making a financial transaction – all of which further encourage him/her to make an impulse buy while at the toll booth. Lastly, for this proximity and these powers of suggestion during a financial transaction, the firm has very few costs associated with marketing as the product is positioned 24/7 and practically free marking takes place at the point of sale on a daily basis. With respect to the weaknesses exhibited in this plan, the first of these regards the legal impacts of commercialization of the toll booths and what this may portend with respect to state, local, cross jurisdictional, and tax laws. In effect, a public good (roads) will now be turned into a way of further generating funding by private businesses. This fact in and of itself has a host of both legal and ethical dilemmas associated with it. Secondly, and perhaps most importantly, there is the issue of traffic flow. Toll booth areas are already high traffic areas that usually only exist in major metropolitan cities. As such, having tens of thousands of people each and every day pausing as to what particular snack or drink they would like to choose while others wait in queue behind them is a recipe for

Mexican History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Mexican History - Essay Example In the following paper we focus on, "the radical changes that took place in the political platform of Mexico and the people who were responsible to bring about those changes, at the end of eighteenth century and the beginning of the nineteenth century." By the end of the eighteenth century, Mexico, known as New Spain was governed under the viceroyalty of Spanish authority for around three hundred years and was one of the most densely populated areas of North America. In the overheated military activities at the end of eighteenth century, Spain suffered a number of military defeats in Europe and the Spanish monarchy determined to sort out ways to improve the defenses of its empire. To provide the treasury with large funds which can ultimately help in building up a stronger defense mechanism, the monarchy of Spain decided to revise the structure of taxes collected from New Spain. There were also serious administrative changes undertaken to check the growing amount of corruption in the bureaucratic system. The Bourbon reforms were implemented primarily to generate revenues for the improvements in military strengths of Spain. However it also attempted to check the inefficiency of local administration as well as to reduce the increasing cases of corruption in the bureaucracy of its colonial governments. In 1778 significant reforms were established which resulted into a loosening of the laws framed for colonial trade with other American colonies. This was aimed to help the colonist develop better trades with other colonies in the North American region and generate funds which could help in maintain a large army. In the administrative mechanism of the colony, reforms were introduced aiming at centralizing the powers of government and placing the Peninsulares (individuals with Spanish birth and upbringing) at important administrative positions. The strength of the colonial armies, which can be deployed elsewhere to check emergencies and prevent the demobilization of Spanish forces, were co nsiderably increased and local militia were reinforced. New taxes were imposed upon the Mexican masses and this was largely unwelcomed by the public with cases of denial of tax. The forceful efforts to bring about reforms and collect taxes resulted in increased grievances against the government and ultimately resulting in disordered conditions like riots and the antigovernment protests. The efforts by Spain to strengthen its political hold over the colony with the administrative changes was fiercely opposed by the Mexicans and these protests were efficiently popularized by the Criollos (the Spanish Mexicans who were born and brought up in Mexico) as they were now excluded from the administrative positions in viceroyalty. The economic prosperity which the Spanish had achieved generated resentment against it and the Mexicans increasingly felt that if provided with independence and allowed to control their own economic affairs, they would benefit more out of this business. The Development of Aggression The monarchy of Spain considered the church to be an economic and political rival as it had cumulated large amount of wealth and exercised great power on the society with the system of education at its control . With intentions

'A literature review to investigate the effectiveness of external beam Dissertation

'A literature review to investigate the effectiveness of external beam radiotherapy when used as an adjuvant therapy to treat pr - Dissertation Example ........................6 2.6 Chapter One - Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............7 2.7 Chapter Two - Literature review†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 2.8 Chapter Three - Methodology†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 2.9 Chapter Four - Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.22 2.10 Chapter Five – Discussion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.28 2.11 Chapter Six - Conclusions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.34 2.12 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..37 2.13 Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..39 2.2. Signed statement I hereby declare that the text of this d issertation is substantially my own work. X______________________________________________________________________ 2.3. Abstract (300 words) Aim. In the United Kingdom prostate cancer will affect one in fourteen men during their lifetime. Successful treatment is greatly improved by the early detection. The aim of this literature review was to assess the effectiveness of external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) in the treatment of localised prostate cancer compared to radiotherapy combined in tandem with either hormonal therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery. Consequently the hypothesis suggested was that EBRT is more effective in combination with another therapy instead of just being applied by itself alone. Commonly, external beam radiation therapy is also used in tandem with hormonal therapy if the prostate cancer is already well-advanced—but this isn’t an endorsement of one therapy over another. Methods. A literature review was conducted to collect information on the effect iveness of the four therapy techniques. A total of 40 sources—comprised of journals, books, articles, and web resources—were critically evaluated and summarily reflected upon for ease of data analysis. Findings. The findings demonstrated that EBRT is more effective when used in tandem with another form of therapy. This suggests that if EBRT is going to be one mode of treatment, another mode of treatment that should be considered is either hormone treatment, chemotherapy, or surgery. EBRT alone by itself, as demonstrated by the research reviewed, may not be enough in order to effectively treat prostate cancer aggressively enough. Conclusions. Due to the findings of the research reviewed, the hypothesis was proven correct as it was seen that EBRT was indeed more effective when combined in tandem with another one of the three forms of therapy discussed above in the treatment of localised prostate cancer. It is recommended that more research is needed in order to effective ly decide which type of treatment is ultimately the best type of therapy. The conclusion will discuss. 2.4. Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, who has been my mentor for this entire project and without whose help this project could not have been fully realised or implemented. 2.5. Glossary Technical Terms Definition hormonal therapy the use of hormones in medical treatment Abbreviation Meaning BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia CRT three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy EBRT external beam radiotherapy IMRT intensity modulated radiotherapy 2.6. Chapter One - Introduction (1000 words) The purpose of this project is to look into the relative effectiveness or ineffectiveness of external beam radiotherapy treatment when used as an auxiliary (or adjuvant) therapy in order to aid in the treatment of prostate cancer and to investigate whether there are

Effects of Globalization on Migration

Effects of Globalization on Migration In the twenty first century, international migration touches the lives of more people than ever before. With more than 160 million people estimated to be living outside their country of birth, almost no country is untouched by international migration or is immune to its effects. With poverty, political repression, human rights abuses, and conflict pushing into more and more people out of their home countries while economic opportunities, political freedom, physical safety, and security pull both highly skilled and unskilled workers into new lands, it is believed that the pace of international migration is unlikely to slow in future. Recorded human history is dotted with ages of migration. From the Greek colonies and roman military conquests through the Byzantine and ottoman empires, and from the European colonisations to the great migrations of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, migration has been consequential to civilizations as few other large social phenomena have (Spencer, Sarah). Very few countries remained untouched by migration. Nations as varied as Haiti, India and the former Yugoslavia feed international flows. The United States receives by far the most international migrants, but migrants also pour into Germany, France, Canada, Saudi Arabia, and Iran. Some countries, like Mexico, send emigrants to other countries, but also receive immigrants- both those planning to settle and those who are on their way elsewhere. So migration of people to countries has occurred all through history and it is by no means a new phenomenon. What is new is the changing nature of migration in this era of globalization. In this globalize world, where everything seems to be global, migration is also changing its nature and forms which it takes. The buzzword globalization, like a tidal wave, has carried with it many social and economic dynamics that are now defined in terms of globalizing tendencies. International migration is no exception to this. But what exactly globalization has done to migration is a legitimate and important question. For many, international migration has become global, in so far as globalization means greater circulation of goods, people and capital and also greater velocity in world politics. Globalization has transformed the nature of international migration not only quantitatively, but also qualitatively. Globalization has triggered greater mobility, and there are qualitative changes in migration dynamics brought forward by the diversity of regions and people now involved in the process of migration. FACTORS WHICH LEAD TO MIGRATION Supply side factors: War and large scale disasters, whether natural or man made, are obvious migration triggers as people flee for their lives. Beyond them, the roots of international migration can be found in the quest to protect oneself and ones family from sustained physical jeopardy and to escape dramatic declines in economic opportunities that have become chronic. The latter cause of migration is qualitatively different from the search for economic improvement, which is a constant feature of migration (Spencer, Sarah). According to Spencer, two elements within these two broad causes are likely to remain important drivers in the next two decades. The first is political, social and cultural intolerance; at the extreme, gross, group based violations of human rights. The second is the systematic failure of governments to redress issues of cumulative disadvantage: the various forms of economic exclusion and ethno-racial, religious or linguistic discrimination that systematically disadvantage certain segments of a population. Both of these migration drivers are always present, to a greater or lesser extent. She also talks about three additional causes which require separate mention because they have recently gained in both virulence and importance. The first is outright ethno racial and/or religious conflict in which forcing the targeted group to abandon the contested area is not simply a by product of the conflict but a major policy objective. The second involves the deterioration of ecosystems to the point of making life unsustainable- prime instances are endangered water security and extensive degradation in water quality, the contamination of basic foodstuffs and the consequences of desertification. The third concerns the flight from various forms of natural and man made disasters. Demand side factors: There are various factors affecting migration like demographic factors, economic factors etc. Because of low rates of native population growth across the advanced industrial world, migration is already a large demographic force. Between 1985 and 1990, international migrants accounted for about one quarter of the developed worlds population growth. That figure grew to around 45 percent during the period 1990-1995: a function of increased immigration and relentlessly low fertility (Spencer, Sarah). Worldwide fertility rates are falling, although developing countries continue to see rapid population growth. In most industrialized countries, fertility levels are well below replacement rates. In Europe, the aver age number of children born per woman is 1.4; Italys fertility rate is 1.2. Countries with declining fertility face the likelihood of a fall in total population, leading some demographers to see a looming population implosion. Such nations can also expect an aging population, with fewer working-age people for each older person. Although immigration will not solve the problem, it will help ease labour shortages and redress somewhat the aging of the society (Martin, F. Susan). Demographic trends also help explain emigration pressures in Africa, Latin America, and some parts of Asia, where fertility rates are high. Rapidly growing societies often cannot generate enough jobs to keep pace with new entries into the labour force. Growth may also cause environmental degradation, particularly when land use policies do not protect fragile ecosystems. Natural disasters also wreak havoc on densely populated areas in poor countries (Martin, F. Susan). Economic factors also influence the migration patterns. Most theorists agree to these factors responsible for migration. Susan explains that Economic trends influence migration patterns in many ways. Multinational corporations, for example, press govern to ease movements of executives, managers, and other key personnel from one country to another. When labour shortages appear, whether in information technology or seasonal agriculture, companies also seek to import foreign workers to fill jobs. According to Susan, The growth in global trade and investment also affects source countries. Economic development has long been regarded as the best long-term solution to emigration pressures arising from the lack of economic opportunities in developing countries. Almost uniformly, however, experts caution that emigration pressures are likely to remain and, possibly, increase before the long-term benefits accrue. Wayne Cornelius and Philip Martin postulate that as developing countries incomes begin to rise and opportunities to leave home increase, emigration first increases and declines only later as wage differentials between emigration and immigration countries fall. Italy and Korea, in moving from emigration to immigration countries, give credence to that theory. Geopolitical changes since the Cold War era offer both opportunities and challenges for managing international migration, particularly refugee movements. During the Cold War, the United States and other Western countries saw refugee policy as an instrument of foreign policy. The Cold War made it all but impossible to address the roots of refugee movements, which often resulted from surrogate conflicts in Southeast Asia, Central America, Afghanistan, and the Horn of Africa. Few refugees were able or willing to return to lands still dominated by conflict or Communism. With the end of the Cold War, new opportunities to return emerged as decades-old conflicts came to an end. Democratization and increased respect for human rights took hold in many countries, as witnessed in the formerly Communist countries of East Europe, making repatriation a reality for millions of refugees who had been displaced for years (Martin, F. Susan). Sociological explanations of migration focus on the importance of cultural and social capital. Cultural capital refers to knowledge of other societies and the opportunities they offer, as well as information about how to actually go about moving and seeking work elsewhere. Clearly, globalization helps make this cultural capital available by beaming images of Western lifestyles into the most remote villages. Improved literacy and basic education also contribute to the ability to move. Social capital refers to the connections needed to migrate safely and cost-effectively. It is well known that most migrants follow beaten paths and go where their compatriots have already established a bridgehead, making it easier to find work and lodgings, and deal with bureaucratic obstacles. Older migration scholars spoke of chain migration, while in recent years much emphasis has been put on migration networks and the way these develop as links between communities at home and in destination areas. Th ese networks are much facilitated by the improved communications and transport technologies of globalization, and are therefore gaining in strength and salience. Networks are a further factor that helps sustain and transform migration when the original cause of a movement is removed. For instance, when the German government stopped labour migration from Turkey in 1973, flows continued and grew in the shape of family reunion, asylum-seekers and illegal migrants which all used transit paths and community infrastructures established in the previous period (Martin, 1991). So, most of the theorists and scholars have agreed to some common factors leading to migration. The most obvious and popular reason given the pull from higher wages in labour receiving countries. So the push factors in this case are high levels of unemployment and poverty in source countries which push the decisions of natives to move from their country of origin to one having labour opportunities with higher wages. Also, in some cases, networks of friends and relatives, already working in destination countries serve as sources of information and anchor communities for newcomers. So lured by friends and relatives and social network migration can take place. Also, it is not only these factors which cause labour migration, but it is in the interest of countries to promote migration. Labour sending countries promote migration because they have some motives. First is the massive domestic unemployment and second is earning of foreign exchange. Labour sending countries promote migration, as this gives some relief in terms of employment as these countries especially the developing countries which have problems of high unemployment and poverty. Aspirations of educated workers for higher wages also lead them to other countries. Sometimes, it is the students who go abroad for study purposes and settle there, as work opportunities and higher wages attracts them. Secondly, migration also serves as source of foreign earnings. Contribution of worker remittances to foreign exchange earnings is the major benefit that is received by labour sending countries. This could be one reason why countries may favour migration and support it. So, migration is not a new phenomenon and so the factors are also not new. What is new is the nature and forms which migration is taking in todays global world. GLOBALIZATION PROMOTING MIGRATION Globalization is a major driving force of international labour migration. In words of Stalker: In a world of winners and losers, the losers do not simply disappear; they seek somewhere else to go. (Stalker, 2000) It stands to reason that globalization with its associated liberalization policies resulted in a massive increase in mobility of labour across borders as in the case of capital and technology. Castles (1999) maintains that globalization tends to erode the sovereignty and autonomy of the nation-state and that international migration is an integral part of globalization. Globalization has made migration much easier through better communications, dissemination of information through mass media and improved transport, among others. It is the increasing trade and investment flows in many regions, which facilitated interest and awareness in migration. The recent expansion of the global communications network telephone connections, satellite dishes and video rental stores has already had a profound effect on the consciousness of the worlds less prosperous societies. Horizons have been broadened, expectations raised and cultural differences diminished. The images conveyed by such media may be largely false. Nevertheless, they convey a potent message about the advantages experienced by people living in the developed states. (UNHCR, 1995) Globalization forces have reinforced the movement of skilled workers who move with FDI flows and multinational investments. Professional managers, highly skilled persons and technicians are welcomed by many countries to attract foreign investment. Globalization has also increased economic disparities between countries. Stalker (2000) argues that flows of goods and capital between rich and poor countries will not be large enough to offset the needs for employment in poorer countries. For instance, the social disruption caused by economic restructuring is likely to shake more people loose from their communities and encourage them to look abroad for work. (Stalker, 2000). On the dark side of globalization, some have argued that globalization contributes to higher trafficking and smuggling of persons across borders with the proliferation of transnationals crime syndicates. (Linard, 1998). Some theorists and scholars have argued that globalization also reduces migration. Growth in trade can reduce migration through the creation of additional employment and higher growth in labour-sending countries. Increased investments by multinationals in labour-sending countries can create jobs and incomes in the home country reducing emigration pressures. Another possibility opened up by globalization forces is trade in services. The increased tradability of skill- and knowledge-intensive services opens up new opportunities for high-wage jobs in the migrant-sending countries, and can be expected to induce skilled workers to stay in their home country (Linard, 1998). The phenomenal growth in software exports from India is a case in point. But despite some differences, all major theorists by analysing the trends lead to a similar conclusion, that migration is increasing in the global world of today and it is likely to grow in near future. MIGRATION IN THE GLOBAL WORLD Two main models of migration and incorporation dominated academic and policy approaches in the late twentieth century: first, the settler model, according to which immigrants gradually integrated into economic and social relations, re-united or formed families and eventually became assimilated into the host society (sometimes over two or three generations); second, the temporary migration model, according to which migrant workers stayed in the host country for a limited period, and maintained their affiliation with their country of origin. Globalization, defined as a proliferation of cross-border flows and transnationals networks, has changed the context for migration. New technologies of communication and transport allow frequent and multi-directional flows of people, ideas and cultural symbols. The erosion of nation-state sovereignty and autonomy weakens systems of border-control and migrant assimilation. The result is the transformation of the material and cultural practices assoc iated with migration and community formation, and the blurring of boundaries between different categories of migrants (Castles, Stephen, 2002). The systemic role migration plays in the modern society can be seen as a constant, but its character and forms changes in the context of economic and social shifts and development in technology and culture. So, the specific characteristics of migration changed in the current conditions of globalization. Globalization is not just an economic phenomenon: flow of capital, goods and services can not take place without parallel flows of ideas, cultural products and people. These flows tend increasingly to be organized through transnationals networks of the most varied kinds, ranging from intergovernmental organizations and transnationals corporations through to international NGOs and global criminal syndicates (Held et al., 1999). Globalization undermines many of the core features of the nation-state. Castles states that International migrants have, by definition, always crossed national borders. But in previous times the assumption has been either that they would permanently move from one nation-state to another (permanent settlement migration), or that they would return home after a period (temporary labour migration). In either case, the sovereignty or power of the nation-state was not questioned. Under conditions of globalization, such expectations lose their validity. Migration tends to increase and migrants to become more diverse in social and cultural characteristics. States do their best to encourage certain types (skilled and entrepreneurial migration) and stop others (unskilled labour migration and asylum-seekers) but find it hard to make clear distinctions and to enforce rules. New developments in information and transport technology increase the volume of temporary, repeated and circulatory migration. Increasing numbers of migrants orient their lives to two or more societies and develop transnationals communities and consciousness. Such trends are linked to the increasing strength of informal networks as a mode of communication and organization which transcends national borders. This can undermine state control policies and reduce the efficacy of traditional modes of migrant incorporation into society (Castles, 2000). In the last half century, three types of primary migration have been most common: permanent settlement migration, temporary labour migration and refugee movement. Highly-skilled migration is the type of migration currently most popular with governments of receiving countries. Since the 1980s, the United States, Canada and Australia have set up privileged entry systems to attract entrepreneurs, executives, scientists, professionals and technical specialists. More recently, Western European and some East Asian countries have followed suit (Findlay, 1995). Attracting Indian IT professionals has become a global competition, while the health services of countries like Britain could not run without doctors and nurses from Africa and Asia. This type of migration can represent a brain drain that is a transfer of human capital from poor to rich countries but may also bring about technology transfer and cultural innovation for areas of origin. Since poor countries continue to turn out more graduates than they can employ, while rich countries continue to prune their education budgets, such migration looks certain to grow (Findlay, 1995). Low-skilled migration was crucial to post-1945 industrial growth in most rich countries, but is now generally rejected on the grounds that it is economically unnecessary and socially harmful. NICs continue to import unskilled labour, often for construction or plantation industries. However, this often takes the form of systematic use of irregular migrants or asylum seekers, whose lack of rights makes them easy to exploit (Castles, Stephen; 2000). Under conditions of globalization, certain new types of migration are emerging, or older types are becoming more significant: One new type is the astronaut phenomenon, in which whole families move to countries like Australia and Canada for reasons of security or lifestyle, while the breadwinner returns to the country of origin for work, commuting back and forth across long distances. This type became prominent with regard to Hong Kong in the period preceding re-integration into the Peoples Republic of China (Pe-Pua et al., 1998), but continues today affecting increasing numbers of countries. Return migration, though obviously not new, seems to be growing in volume as a result of trends towards temporary or circulatory migration. Return migrants are important agents of economic, social and cultural change, and increasing attention is being paid to their possible role in development processes (Castles, 2000). Retirement migration is an emerging type of mobility closely linked to improvements in transport and communications. Increasing numbers of people from rich countries with relatively high living costs and unattractive climates are seeking to spend their twilight years in more con- genial surroundings. Western Europeans are moving to Southern Europe (King et al., 2000), Japanese to Australia and New Zealand and North Americans to Latin America and the Philippines. This has considerable cultural impacts and also provides the basis for new service industries (Castles, 2002). Finally posthumous migration a phenomenon that reflects the cultural and psychological complexity of the migratory experience. Many migrants make plans to have their bodies returned to their native soil for burial (Tribalat, 1995:109-11). Even if the dream of return in old age proves a myth, at least the bond with the homeland can be re-asserted after death. Again, improvements in transport not to mention refrigeration technology are crucial (Castles, 2002). HOW FORMS OF MIGRATION CHANGING? Castles identifies three main approaches to incorporation of immigrants into society: assimilation, differential exclusion and multiculturalism. In older understandings of long-distance migration, newcomers were expected to move permanently and cut off links with their place of origin, so that they and their descendants eventually became fully assimilated into the receiving society. As a mode of incorporation, assimilation means encouraging immigrants to learn the national language and to fully adopt the social and cultural practices of the receiving community. This involves a transfer of allegiance from the place of birth to the new country and the adoption of a new national identity. However, not all immigrants have been seen as assimilable. Even the United States has had temporary migration schemes, like the Bracero Program for Mexican farmworkers. Moreover, not all immigration countries have tried to assimilate immigrants. Even prior to the industrial revolutions in Europe, practices of recruiting temporary migrant workers were common (Moch, 1992, 1995). In the late nineteenth century, such schemes became institutionalized in France, Germany and Switzerland with a high degree of control by the state and employers organizations. In post-1945 Europe, guestworker or temporary labour recruitment systems played a major role in labour market policies. Guestworkers were meant to come from relatively proximate countries of origin especially the European periphery and had no right to family reunion or permanent stay. More recently, similar approaches have been used in Gulf oil countries and Asian NICs. This mode of incorporation is referred to as differential exclusio n because it means that migrants are integrated temporarily into certain societal sub-systems such as the labour market and limited welfare entitlements, but excluded from others such as political participation and national culture (Castles, 2002). However, both assimilation and differential exclusion share an important common principle: that immigration should not bring about significant changes in the receiving society. Such beliefs in the controllability of ethnic difference could be sustained in the past, but began to be questioned from the 1970s in Western immigration countries. In the guest worker countries, temporary migrants were turning into settlers. Democratic states found themselves incapable of deporting large numbers of unwanted workers. Nor could immigrants be completely denied social rights, since this would lead to serious conflicts and divisions. The result was family reunion, community formation and emergence of new ethnic minorities. In classical immigration countries, the expectation of long-term cultural assimilation proved illusory, with ethnic communities maintaining their languages and cultures into the second and third generations. Immigrants began to establish cultural associations, places of worship and ethnic businesses trends which soon also became important throughout Western Europe (Castles, 2000). The result was the introduction of official policies of multiculturalism, initially in Canada (1971) and Australia (1973). In the United States, multi- culturalism has a somewhat different meaning, linked to interpretations of the role of minorities in culture and history (Gitlin, 1995; Steinberg, 1995). Here pluralism was used to refer to acceptance of cultural and religious diversity for immigrants generally in the private sphere rather than as government policy. Rather similar policies with varying labels (such as minorities policy in the Netherlands) soon followed in European immigration countries. In some cases they were introduced only in certain sectors, such as welfare or education, or at the municipal or provincial rather than the national level (Held, 1999). There is widespread recognition that cultural and social changes brought about by migration are facts of life, which must be recognized in various areas. This can be seen as one of the major impacts of immigration: in just a few generations, old myths of national uniqueness and homogeneity have been undermined. Globalization leads to major changes in the character of international migration. The context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and will continue to change. The rise of multiculturalism itself is one sign of this. But this is not all; new forms of identities and belongings go beyond multiculturalism. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, globalization is undermining all the modes of controlling difference premised on territoriality. Increasing mobility; growth of temporary, cyclical and recurring migrations; cheap and easy travel; constant communication through new information technologies: all question the idea of the person who belongs to just one nation-state or at most migrates from one state to just one other (whether temporarily or permanently). These changes have led to debates on the significance of transnationalism and transnationals communities as new modes of migrant belonging. Transnationals communities are groups whose identity is not primarily b ased on attachment to a specific territory. They therefore present a powerful challenge to traditional ideas of nation-state belonging ((Bauman, 1998). Transnational communities appear to be proliferating rapidly at present. This trend can perhaps best be understood as part of processes of global integration and time- space compression. This is partly a technological issue: improved transport and accessible real-time electronic communication is the material basis of globalization. But above all it is a social and cultural issue: globalization is closely linked to changes in social structures and relationships, and to shifts in cultural values concerned with place, mobility and belonging. This is likely to have important consequences, which we are only just beginning to understand (Bauman, 1998; Held et al, 1999). It is possible that transnational affiliations and consciousness will become the predominant form of migrant belonging in the future. This would have far-reaching consequences. International migration has always aided in cultural exchanges and -notwithstanding the challenges raised when individuals, groups and communities of different cultures, ethnic groups and religions live together- it is reasonable to expect that it will continue to forge multicultural spaces and spread ideas and values. Globalization involves opposing movements, however: expectations of mobility become widespread, but the restrictions on movement become tighter all the time. The new technologies in the fields of communications and transport facilitate international mobility, and moreover, thanks to better schooling, together with more information on the situation in other countries -with messages on standards of living and codes of values which heighten the perception of the supposed advantages of migration- there are now many more persons interested in migrating. In the final analysis, the right to migrate is an option for all those with a minimum of human capital who are not able to materialize their aspirations to social mobility in their countries of origin, whose restrictions on the exercise of economic and social rights end up by undermining the right to stay. Thus, international movements of persons and families -in search of something that their own countries only offer them symbolically- are based on increasingly informed decisions, accompanied by the perception that such moves involve decreasing risks and costs. This is the current attitude to migration, the motives for which are now relatively independent of purely economic considerations. One of the cultural manifestations of globalization is the transition from territorially-based national identities to others which are perhaps less comprehensive but are of a trans-territorial nature. Migration has led to the emergence of new actors who, organized in communities and linked together through networks, maintain close links with their areas of origin (to which they send remittances and information) and represent collective referents of identity in the areas of destination (Portes, 1997a). These transnational communities are a clear example of the interactive role of international migration and globalization within the context of the explosion of identity marking the fragmentation of societies today (Castells, 1999, vol. II). Social networks and communities form part of an affirmative strategy of migrants in defence of their cultural features, the expression of their demands for citizenship, and protection both from restrictive attitudes to immigration and practices of social rejection (as exemplified in the working conditions of many migrants and anti-immigration feelings). To a large extent, they act as feedback factors promoting migration flows and further the diversification of human mobility. The transnational communities benefit from the traditional associations of migrants, but they are more complex than these: they promote cultural events -dances, dinners, festivities and typical products- and they legitimize the diversity of the recipient societies. They are geographically extended social units, with close relations and supportive links, and even sponsor transnational micro-entrepreneurial initiatives (Portes, 1997a and 1997b). They often function with tensions, conflicts and contradictions that recreate the context of structural inequality of their communities of origin, and thereby serve as a matrix for the social reproduction of their members in their destination countries (Canales and Zlolniski, 2000).8 The heterogeneity of their members, the potential of some of them for resistance and opposition, their different forms of organization, their international links and their complex relations with the market and the State make these transnational communities a mandat ory element of reference of indisputable importance for the design of measures to deal with the question of migration. Their interactive relation with globalization is particularly evident in the case of Latin

Propaganda :: essays research papers

Bush and Cheney: Propaganda In A Over-Confident Way What does the word propaganda really mean? For most of us we assume that it is a word for negativity use. Just to assure those that think of propaganda as a negative word. Propaganda does have a positive objective if used correctly. The word propaganda is defined in a few different ways, But in the most general usage, it varies from bad to good persuasion of our minds. It is used during election time to our daily lives on television to our newspaper stands. According to Donna Cross’s essay, â€Å"Propaganda: How Not to Be Bamboozled,† there are thirteen different types of propaganda; this paper will discuss six varieties. George W. Bush and Dick Cheney used primarily every sort of propaganda to influence the citizens; therefore, our national society needs to develop awareness in the propaganda used by such politicians so that they can make wise decisions intelligently. One of the thirteen propaganda divisions is glittering generalities. â€Å"This propaganda method involves correlating a person or idea with words of positive meaning and feelings (Cross 527-28).† President Bush states, â€Å"our national courage has been clear [ . . . ] by confronting problems instead of passing them on to future generations† (Address, par. 21). Instead, one needs to examine what is Bush’s strategy really about? Do the citizens think that Bush will just turn around and listen to them instead of following his strategy? Does Bush have a kind heart to affiliate such caring feelings for the American people? During the speech that the Vice President gave on February 15, 2001 he stated, â€Å"It is not for us to wait on events but to act. And we will act on principle. We are going to stand for responsible [ . . . ]. They see a future when the world is at peace, promoting the values of the human rights and freedom all around the world. That statement certainly attempts to struggle with one’s emotions. What specifically are these words striving to reveal to the American people anyway? Is he mentioning them only to obtain future support? What does principle or responsibility really mean? Surely these words sound outstanding, but one needs to ask, if I take out the glittering words what is the value of the idea itself? Getting caught up in the words and feelings illustrated by them happens easily, making the actual intent behind them disfigured.

The Investigation of the Controlled and the Automatic Processes Employing the Stroop Effect Experiment.

The investigation of the controlled and the automatic processes employing the Stroop effect experiment. Abstract The interference between the controlled and the automatic processes was observed in the Stroop effect type experiment using two different conditions. The original Stroop effect experiment concluded that the participants will find it more difficult to complete the reading task of the words related to colour meaning in comparison to the reading task of non-colour related words. The result of Stroop experiment supported the notion that control and automatic processes can obstruct each other in certain tasks.In the current experiment, the two conditions in reading task were modified to make them look more visually similar. The result indicated that despite of visual similarities, the automatic processes interfered with control processes due to the colour related properties of the words in Stroop condition. Introduction The large quantity of information we come across in our ev eryday life is staggering. It is very hard to understand how much of this information is taken in and how much of the information just pass by. It is up to cognitive processes to decide how much and to what extent the information is accepted for further processing.This selection process has been identified as attention. All of the above is indicating that our brain is not capable to process all the information available to us therefore attentional processes are required. Various theories were devised to clarify and explain the process of selection, such as a limited – capacity theory of Kahneman or bottleneck theory of attention by Broadbent (as cited in Edgar, 2007) However how much of this process are we aware of? Can we influence how much of the information is taken in or is it our subconscious which is in control?The attentional processes are divided between conscious – control processes and subconscious – automatic processes. Even though both processes oper ate in very different ways, they both can work simultaneously and both have their advantages and disadvantages. The control process is conscious, therefore easy to control, however it is using a large amount of the processing resources. Based on the experiments conducted by Schneider and Shiffrin (as cited in Edgar, 2007), it is assumed that automatic processed are not using up attentional resources as no conscious awareness is employed.The most famous experiment demonstrating the interference between the control and automatic processes was carried out by Stroop (1935). In the original Stroop experiment the participants were presented with a list of words printed in different coloured ink. In the first list, the words were names of colour printed in ink which never matched with the name of the colour – Stroop condition. Second list was containing a colour-neutral words. The participants were asked to read the name of the colour of the ink instead of the word itself. The findi ng was that in the colour-neutral words, the participants completed the task without difficulties.However, in the Stroop condition the participants found it more difficult as they were trying to prevent responding with the name of the colour rather than the colour of the ink. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) The experiment above is demonstrating one of the disadvantages of the automatic processes. Even though the automatic processes are not using up our precious attentional resources, they can interfere with the control processes as we are not able to just turn them off. To test this theory further a present experiment was created using both the Stroop condition model and the control condition.However, the Stroop condition was modified to include the colour-related words rather than the names of the colour. The words used were such as blood or carrot with strong relation to the certain colour. The words were printed in the colour ink not matching with the colour related to the word. Even t hough the control condition contained the non-related colour words, the words were visually very similar to the words in Stroop condition. The research hypothesis was that as in Stroop condition the participants will find it more difficult to read colour-related words. This is one-tailed hypothesis.The null hypothesis was that there wouldn’t be any difference in time taken to complete reading task of each list. Method Section Design The design employed in the experiment is a within-participants design. The independent variable was a reading task of the colour of the words printed on the list provided. The independent variable had two conditions, the Stroop condition and control condition. The Stroop condition contained the colour-related words printed in incompatible colour ink with the word and the control condition contained non-colour related words printed in various colour inks.The word list in the Stroop condition had 5 words repeatedly printed in incompatible ink with t he word. The words in the control list were matched to the word list in Stroop condition to contain the exact same number of letters of each matched word. The word order and well as the colour order was matched exactly in the both lists. The dependent variable was the time measure to complete the reading task of each list. The measurement was complete in seconds by the researcher using a stopwatch and it was recorded to the nearest second. The participants were given the task individually in order to limit any confounding variables.Participants The twenty participants joined in this experiment were current students at the Open University and their friends and family members. The age of the participants ranged from 18 to 69 and there were 12 females and 8 male participants. Materials The two visual stimuli were presented to each participant on A4 sheet paper in colour containing 30 words divided into two columns of 15 words. A stimuli for the Stroop condition contained 5 colours-rela ted words printed in incompatible ink with the word. The six colours used were red, yellow, green, orange, purple and blue.The words used in the Stroop condition were blood, lemon, grass, carrot, plum, sky. A stimuli for the control condition contained exact same number of word and same colours were used. The words matched with the Stroop condition. The words used have the exact same number of letters, they stared with the same first letters and they visually resembled the words in the Stroop condition. The words used in the control condition were blame, ledge, grade, carrer, plan, sty. Each word was repeated 6 times on each sheet. Both lists are included in Appendix 1.The standard instruction (included in Appendix 2) printed on A4 paper were read to the participants. The consent form (included in Appendix 3) was supplied to participants to sign. The data were recorded to the nearest second and logged on the response sheet. A stopwatch was employed to record reading time accurately. Procedure Each participant was approached and asked if they will be willing to take part in a cognitive psychology experiment with a focus on controlled and automatic processing of information. All participants were explained a basic of the experiment and asked to sign a consent form.All participants were tested individually. The age and sex of the participants were recorded prior to the start of the experiment. The full instructions were read to the participants and it was made sure that it was clear before proceeding. (Appendix 2: Instructions) All participants received the same instruction. Both lists were presented as A4 print out in coloured ink. Both lists were presented separately to the participants, only few seconds before asking the participant to read the colour of the words aloud. The first list to read was the Stroop condition list followed by a control condition list.With every other participants the order of the presentation of the list was switched around. Full expe riment took approximately minutes with each participant. The reading of each condition was recorded separately using an accurate stopwatch. The results were recorded on the response sheet. After the experiment the participants were informed about the hypothesis of experiment and explained the differences between the both conditions. Result The research hypothesis in this experiment was that participants will take longer to complete the Stroop condition.The time to read through the full list of each condition individually was recorded to the nearest second. As Table 1 is indicated, the mean response time of Stroop condition is 2. 65 seconds slower than the mean response in the control condition. The paired sample t-test was carried out using these data obtaining following result. The difference between these conditions is statically significant (t(19)=3. 933, p=0. 002, d=0. 44) Based on the information above the null hypothesis was rejected and the experimental hypothesis accepted. T able 1Mean and standard deviation of response time in secondsConditionMean response time (In seconds)Standard deviation Experiment (Stroop) condition23. 606. 533 Control condition 20. 955. 520 Discussion The result of the experiment above proved that despite of using colour-related words, rather than the name of the colour as per original Stroop experiment, the findings were similar. The participants found it more difficult to read the colour-related words printed in colour which didn’t match the visual perception of the certain word. The participants tried to avoid reading the colour of the word associated with particular word therefore this reading task took longer.Even though, the neutral words looked visual similar, and they were recorded in exact same colour order, the participants completed this reading task more quickly due to the lack of the meaning of the words and no relation to the specific colour. Therefore, in the control condition, only automatic processes were activated and there was no interference with the control processes and as a result the participants found this task easier. The control and automatic processes can interfere with each other doing certain tasks. Specifically, the automatic process of reading was interfering with controlled process of naming the colour of the ink.Nevertheless, the current experiment was conducted with only twenty participants. There is a possibility that if the experiment was conducted with much bigger sample the results may not be as conclusive. Especially , as further experiments indicated, the automatic processes can be influenced by individual strategies. To imply this notion to the Stroop experiment, it has been found that just by focusing on the first letter of each word, the automatic processes – the Stroop effect can be reduced. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) This would imply that automatic processes are not completely free and unconscious as previously suggested.In addition, the automatic a nd controlled processes are not completely fixed. For example, reading was controlled process before it was learned and became control process. This observation suggests that the relationship between the controlled and automatic processes is on continuum and can evolve with time. Gopher (1993) proposes that attentional skill can be learned to a certain extent depending on the situation or internal motivation. (as cited in Edgar, 2007) In conclusion, the result of the experiment is supporting the notion that the control processes can interfere with the automatic processes when trying to complete certain tasks.However, further experiments in this specific field would have to be conducted to determine the full extent of automatic responses and their relation to the control processes. References Edgard, G. (2007) Perception and attention, In D. Miell, A. Phoenix, & K. Thomas (Eds. ), Mapping Psychology (2nd ed. , pp. 3-50). Milton Keynes: The Open University Appendices: Appendix 1: Word lists containing experimental and control condition (not included) Appendix 2: Instructions (not included) Appendix 3: Consent Form (not included) Appendix 4: Raw data Appendix 5: SPSS print-out of t-test

Trans Fats- Silent Killer

Trans Fats- Silent Killer Free Online Research Papers What are trans fats? Trans fatty acids, commonly known as trans fat, are a type of unsaturated fat. They occur in small quantities in meat and dairy products, but most trans fats consumed today are industrially created. They are neither required nor beneficial for health, and are basically unnecessary poisons being put into the food of the consumer. It is made when manufacturers add hydrogen to vegetable oil, which is a process known as hydrogenation. The government has even agreed that trans fats are unnecessary and should be kept to a minimum (according to Tommy Thompson, the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS)) A federal report on trans fat, finds there is no safe level and recommends that people eat as little of it as possible. (According to Kim Severson: A San Fransisco Chronical Reporter) Where are they found? 40% cakes, cookies, crackers, pies, bread, etc. 21% animal products 17% margarine 8% fried food (especially potatoes) 5% potato chips, corn chips, popcorn 4% household shortening 3% salad dressing 1% breakfast cereal 1% candy (according to Data based on FDA’s economic analysis) A story in the Dec. 1, 2003, issue of Newsweek estimates trans fats are now found in more than 40% of foods on grocery shelves. Why are they in the foods we eat? The purpose of this process is to increase the shelf life and flavor stability of the product. They keep food looking fresh and eatable. This saves food producers money, not having to make food as often, because food is staying fresh on the grocery shelves longer. So, even though it is detrimental to our health, it is saving them money. What does eating these trans fats do to our bodies? Trans fat greatly increases the risk of coronary heart disease and raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels, which is main source of cholesterol buildup and blockage in the arteries. According to the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health, more than 12.5 million Americans have CHD, and more than 500,000 die each year. That makes CHD one of the leading causes of death in the United States. There should be a warning on food made with this stuff like there is on nicotine products. Its that bad for you, Dr. Jeffrey Aron, UC San Francisco professor of medicine and one of the nations leading experts on fatty acids said. Adults aren’t the only people affected by this horrible substance. Research at the University of Maryland has shown that kids as young as eight, nine and ten already have the high cholesterol and blood fats that clog arteries. These can be your precious children, who have no knowledge of the dangers that lie in the food they are consuming. Be a responsible parent/guardian and monitor your child’s diet, because at this age, you control what they eat. Instead of stopping at McDonalds or Burger King for a Happy meal everytime youre out and about, pack lunches and snacks to tide them over until you get back home. Or, if it is unavoidable, get a grilled chicken sandwich, or subway. What can we do your asking? The easiest way to stop this, is to start in your home. Inform family and friends about trans-fats, that maybe some people arent aware of. Try eating less fast food, fried food, and foods that have trans-fats on the labels. Its really hard to completely cut them off from your diet, because food manufacturers put them in a lot of foods we consume everyday, without us even knowing. Another way to lower intake of trans fats, try reduced-fat, low-fat, fat-free and trans fat-free versions of frequently consumed foods. Write letters to your politicians to urge the banning of trans fat from foods. Do not tolerate the poisoning of our fellow men, women and children. Stand up and fight for your right to life and the freedom to eat whatever you choose without the worry of being poisoned all because of the carelessness of the food industries. Something needs to be done about this, and the outlawing of trans fat needs to be in place immediately, before more lives are lost to this pointless products. The food industry is gratuitously poisoning consumers on a daily basis, and this needs to end. These fats are slowly killing people who may be your friends, family, or maybe even you. Research Papers on Trans Fats- Silent KillerGenetic EngineeringMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export Quotas19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

How does Shakespeare succeed attracting readers to Macbeth essays

How does Shakespeare succeed attracting readers to Macbeth essays No one can deny that Macbeth is a ruthless butcher and bloody fiend. He is a man of ambition who satisfies his ambition by a fair means or foul. His deeds are carried out by the hope for his success though he uses foul ways. While it is true that he is a fiend and a butcher, Shakespeare succeeded drawing a character that people draw to it. Why are people drawn to Macbeth by whom they must be repelled? Two reasons are suggested for the question. One reason is that Shakespeare aroused sympathy from the readers. By creating a character which is similar to the people, they agree with the Macbeth ¡Ã‚ ¯s decisions and circumstances as they are in his point of view. Macbeth is partly good and partly evil, well presented in the play when he suffers his conscience and commits crimes to reach his goal and fulfill his ambition. In act 1 scene 7, when Lady Macbeth inspires Macbeth the plotting Duncan, he refuses, saying,  ¡Ã‚ °We proceed no further in this business. ¡ It shows that he is also loyal to the king and he doesn ¡Ã‚ ¯t wish to desert his duty. While he is somewhat good in nature, he also has a dark side. In act 4 scene 1, Macbeth says,  ¡Ã‚ °To crown my thoughts with acts, be it thought and done; The castle of Macduff I will surprise, Seize upon Fife, give th ¡Ã‚ ¯ edge o ¡Ã‚ ¯ the sword His wife, his babes, and all unfortunate souls That trace him in his line. ¡ In this part, Macbeth meaninglessly murders Macduff ¡Ã‚ ¯s wife and children, which implies evil. However, even though he decides to reach the glory and murders several people, readers cannot blame him because they understand his circumstance, which is a chance to become a king, and know that Macbeth is not malicious by nature. For this reason, it is inevitable for them to justify Macbeth ¡Ã‚ ¯s behavior though they know his deeds are crimes. Another reason why people are drawn to Macbeth is that he showed the potentiality which is capable for a king. In other words, rea...

Reading journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Reading journal - Essay Example The story is covered in the dailies, it is assumed that the dead person seemingly died of starvation (Krakauer 61-71). Chapter 11 is set at the Chesapeake Beach where Walt McCandless is interviewed at home after the recovery of his son’s body at an abandoned bus. McCandless seemingly so much pain to his parent. The bond between mother-father and child was completely broken. It is in this chapter that one questions whether McCandless parent were actually responsible for the son’s death (Krakauer 72-81). In chapter 12, the character of McCandless is questioned. It is questioned whether his personality was shaped in the course of his youth. McCandless was said to take a trip to summer prior to joining college. It is at this point that he promises to have constant communication with his parents, but later on he stopped communicating completely. Upon his return home, McCandless had changed completely. He had lost a lot of weight and his hair was unkempt. We later learn that he had lost his way in Mojave Desert and almost died due to the harsh conditions in the desert (Krakauer 82-87). McCandless is advised by his parents, but does not heed to the advice. The underlying assumptions/meanings the author intends for me to learn relate to the individual changes and the factors that may cause the changes. For the case of McCandless, one would argue that he felt superior in one way or another even to the point of leaving for Alaska. He may seem unique in his way of doing things, but he, at times, lacked common sense explaining why he faced the toughness of the nature despite him being sane as opposed to Waterman. This explains why he caused so much pain especially to his parents that had high hopes on him. From the work, I am of the opinion that the author aims at explaining the changes that individuals go through in their day to day lives. I agree with the author’s premise that one can determine or shape their future. The reading makes

Patient Workplace Nursing Human Resource Issue Essay

Patient Workplace Nursing Human Resource Issue - Essay Example All these issues impact one another and make up a rich dynamic that affects the way nursing care is given at present. They also impact the way planning for future care is done in hospitals and other institutions of care. There is a need to explore the literature to find answers, sort out the issues, and get to a more nuanced and deeper perspective of how such issues affect and feed off one another. Hopefully at the end of the exercise the literature will point the way towards possible solutions, or at least towards new and rich insights that can guide planning on the part of hospitals and other institutions, and the way nurses pursue career tracks in the different related disciplines. At the very least, the review of the literature hopefully brings us up to date with regard to what the state of those issues are, what the terrain looks like so to speak, and what major milestones and watermarks are present that nursing practitioners, health care managers, and all the other stakeholders in the process should be on the watch for, with regard to nursing staffing, turnover, career development, and related issues of vital interest. Moreover, the review of the literature ought to guide creative endeavors aimed at resolving key bottlenecks and main points of dispute and concern. The thinking is that an intelligent look at the literature ought to give practitioners and involved parties the right kinds of perspectives and tools without which creativity in the crafting of solutions to pressing human resource issues cannot be undertaken successfully (Ritchie et al., 2003; Vincent and Beduz, 2010; Doherty et al., n.d.; Sanford, 2010; Jones, 2008; Hunt, 2009). II. Review of the Literature There has been two sides to a debate that constitute the push and pull forces as far as nurse staffing and human resources management is concerned. On the one side are arguments that point to quality of care levels being correlated with the quality and number of nurses allocated for every pa tient in a health care setting. The greater the quality and the greater the number of nurses allocated on a per patient basis. On the other side are arguments that treat the issue of health care provision as a numbers/financials game. To be financially viable, nursing human resources must be treated as a financial variable, as a cost that must be managed. Of course as a cost, hospitals and other health care institutions being for the most part for profit operations, nursing staffing must be managed to optimal levels, rather than to the maximum, because the latter means suboptimal profits. The balancing act is with regard to providing optimum care via staffing of nurses that is also financially viable for the institution concerned (Ritchie et al., 2003; Vincent and Beduz, 2010; Doherty et al., n.d.; Sanford, 2010; Jones, 2008; Hunt, 2009). Yet the literature also states that the problem of staffing is not an easy one to tackle and solve, owing to the fact that there are a host of fac tors that impact hiring and staffing decisions. While it is known that staffing levels correlate positively with quality of care, aside from the financials there is the matter of the lack of qualified nurses to provide quality care. This is a problem of qualification. At any given time, though there are vacancies, not enough qualified nurses are available to man and fill up those vacant nurses' positions. This means that if a hospital, for instance, goes